摘要
关于元代郭守敬所制玲珑仪功能与结构的探讨一直没有定论。通过对明清浑仪记载与利玛窦手稿中所述南京鸡鸣山天文仪器两条线索的再考察,结合《玲珑仪铭》以及其他相关文献的重新解读,承续前辈学者的相应研究观点,基本可以明确玲珑仪既不是浑仪,也不是现代所追认的天文演示仪器'假天仪'。结构上,玲珑仪的主体是一个按周天度数划分为细密网格状的球体,整体呈镂空'玲珑'之貌。功能上,玲珑仪亦仪亦象,但用于观测时与灵台上专门的观测仪器不同,用于演示时亦与假天仪有所区别。玲珑仪是郭守敬创制的新型仪器,其设计与制作继承了宋代仰观天文仪器的理念和汉唐天文演示仪器的测候验历传统,并很可能受到了欧洲-阿拉伯天文仪器的影响。
Discussions on the function and structure of the Linglong instrument made by Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty have not been conclusive.This paper makes a new distinction between the armillary sphere records of the Ming and Qing dynasties and the astronomical instruments of Jiming mountain in Nanjing described in Ricci’s manuscript,then reinterprets the inscriptions on the Linglong instrument and other related literature.On the basis of previous studies,it is clear that the Linglong instrument is neither an armillary sphere for observation nor an'artificial sky'(planetarium)recognized by modern scholars.The main structure of the Linglong instrument is a sphere divided into fine meshes according to longitude and latitude lines,with a hollowed-out appearance.It can be used for both observation and demonstration,but it is different from the observational instruments and from planetarium used for demonstration.It is a new type of instrument created by Guo Shoujing.Its design and production inherit the concept of the planetariums of the Song Dynasty,and the tradition of testing calendar accuracy with astronomical demonstration instruments in the Han and Tang dynasties.Finally,it is likely to be influenced by the astronomical instruments of the European-Middle Eastern world.
作者
张楠
ZHANG Nan(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《自然科学史研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期53-66,共14页
Studies in The History of Natural Sciences
关键词
郭守敬
玲珑仪
浑仪
假天仪
GUO Shoujing
Linglong instrument
armillary sphere
planetarium
