摘要
工程之"程",现代学者的解释"等级""长度单位"等,恐非确切。"程"非以"禾"而应以"呈"表义;"呈"下非"王",而是"■",因此本无上报之意;"■"上亦非"口",其上部扁"■"形(由"臣"而来)实为眼珠之象形;是故"■"本为人立于土丘上观察。《说文》"程,品也"误删一程字;释"品"之"众庶也",亦非曰多曰丰;"庶"不是"屋下众",其上之"■"实际是"石","庶"之本义理应为"煮";"品"因此既非"品评"也非"众口",而是器皿,盛可煮之物以为祭祀;"■""品""庶"等字既明,乃可知"程",其本义实为观测、衡量田地之产,并由此引申出十数种动、名、量词等不同词义。《新唐书》有语"工程严促",以往学者引用最多,被认为是中国"工程"一词的源头。然而此处"工""程"虽连缀使用,但还不是"词",而是句子,"程"作谓语,考核监督之义。
It’s not accurate for modern scholars to have explained the meaning of 'cheng' in 'engineering'as 'grade' or 'unit of length'. 'Cheng' should be understood according to its radical 'cheng' instead of its other radical 'he'. The lower structure of 'cheng' is not 'wang', but '■', so it doesn’t have the meaning of 'reporting'originally. The upper structure of '■' wasn’t 'Kou' but'■', stemming from 'chen' as the pictograph of eyeballs.'■' means that people observe things standing on the mound. In the Origins of Chinese Characters, it is stated that 'cheng also means pin', but 'cheng' was mistakenly deleted. The interpretation of 'pin' as 'zhongshu' doesn’t have the meaning of 'many' or 'much'. 'Shu' is not 'many under the house', and the upper structure'■' means'stone' actually, so the original meaning of 'shu' should be 'boiled'. 'Pin' doesn’t mean 'tasting' or 'public mouth' but 'vessels' holding boiled things for sacrifice. As the meaning of '■', 'pin' and 'shu' are clear, the original meaning of 'cheng' is to observe and measure the yield of the field and then a dozen kinds of different meanings such as verbs, nouns and quantifiers are deduced. 'Engineering with strict promotion' in the New Book of the Tang Dynasty, cited most by scholars previously, is considered to be the source of the Chinese word'engineering'. However, 'gong' and 'cheng', when used together, aren’t 'words' but sentences, in which 'cheng'functioning as a predicate, meaning examination and supervision.
作者
吴哲
WU Zhe(School of Marxism,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,Liaoning,110168)
出处
《自然辩证法通讯》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期64-72,共9页
Journal of Dialectics of Nature
基金
2018年辽宁省档案科技项目"科技史上‘图’族科技文档名词研究"(项目编号:L-2018-R-15)
关键词
工程
释程
词源
科技史语言学
Engineering
Interpretation of'cheng'
Etymology
Linguistics of science and technology history
