摘要
以湖南省桃源县马家峪集水区 (14 .15ha)为代表 ,重点研究了红壤丘陵集水区集约经营的水土资源动态、土壤肥力演变特点和土地生产力变化状况。 1993～ 2 0 0 2年的定位观测表明 ,集水区中占土地总面积 15 %左右的塘堰 ,不仅可以增蓄集水区陆面 10 %以上的地表径流、截留 78.1%的被侵蚀土壤和 6 5 .4 %的流失营养元素 ,而且使集水区年降水的陆面拦截蒸散、塘堰蓄存、排出水量之比稳定在 7∶2∶1,既保障了集水区系统内水、土资源与养分的平衡和良性循环 ,又有利于丘岗区发展渔业生产与抵御季节性干旱。研究还表明 ,集约经营集水区的土壤侵蚀模数显著下降 ,已接近或低于红黄壤地区的土壤允许流失值 (5 0 0t·km-2 ) ,坡地、旱地和稻田的土壤有机质、氮含量等均稳步增加 (增幅 >10 % ) ,坡地和旱地的土壤贮水量在少雨季节可增加 2 0 %以上 ;农作物大幅增产 (增幅 >2 0 % ) ,林、果、茶。
As a basic geo-ecological unit in landscape of hilly red soils,catchment area is relatively independent and integral. Soil and water resource dynamics,fertility evolution characterization and changing situation were deeply studied taking Majiayu Catchment area in Taoyuan County of Hunan Province as an example. 10-year fix-observation results showed that dyke and pool not only stored up to 10% of surface runoff though its area was only 15% of total soil area, kept 78.1% of erosion soil and 65.4% of lost nutrient,but also stabilized yearly rainfall ratio at 7∶2∶1 among evaporation and lost water by surface interception, storage in dyke and pool, drainage, which ensured the resource and nutrient equilibrium and benign cycling in catchment area system,and benefited the aquatic culture and helped to resist seasonal drought. More results showed that soil erosion index decreased significantly,equal to or lower than soil permitted runoff in reddish yellow soil (500 t·km -2). Soil organic matter,total and available N content in sloping land,dry-land and paddy soil were steadily increased (range>10%),water storage was enhanced by more than 20% in sloping land and dry-land in less rainfall season,crop product greatly increased (>20%),product of trees,fruits,tea and fish,land productivity increased geminatedly.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第1期92-98,共7页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目 (KZCX2 SW 415
KZCX3 SW 42 6)
中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿资助项目( 0 12 0 0 2 2 0 0 5 5 413 )
国家杰出青年科学基金资助项目 ( 4 992 5 10 2 )
国家科技攻关资助项目 ( 85 0 0 9 0 1 0 4)
关键词
红壤丘陵区
集水区
集约经营
水土资源
动态分析
土地
持续生产力
Catchment areas with intensive management
Soil and water resource dynamics
Soil fertility
Red soil upland
