摘要
冲击矿压是典型的煤岩动力灾害之一,随开采强度增大,厚煤层的冲击频次更高、致灾程度更严重,因此,厚煤层开采冲击灾害防治是必须要解决的问题.综合采用调研、理论分析、数值模拟及工程实践等方法,研究厚煤层综放开采的降载减冲原理.结果表明:综放开采对采场和巷道围岩应力集中具有弱化作用;随采厚增加,综放开采的静载集中程度先快速降低再趋于稳定,动载扰动先缓慢增大再陡然台阶升高.综放开采在一定采厚范围内具有降载减冲效应.厚煤层防冲应优先选择综放采煤法,通过在合理范围内增加采厚来降低静载应力集中并通过实施断顶措施来弱化动载扰动.兴安矿和峻德矿的工程实践表明,综放开采相对于分层综采的冲击频次少、范围小、烈度轻,证实综放开采具有降载减冲作用.
Rockburst is one of the characteristic coal-rock dynamic disasters.With the increasing mining intensity,the number of rockbursts occurring in thick coal seams is larger and the induced damage is severer.The control of rockburst occurring in thick coal seam mining is an urgent problem in need of solution.To solve this problem,a study was carried out by means of in situ investigation,theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and engineering practice etc.The resluts show that top-coal caving mining can reduce the stress concentration around roadways and coalfaces.With increasing mining height,the dynamic disturbance in top-coal caving mining rises gradually and then suddenlly jumps to a high value,while the static stress concentration decreases rapidly and then reduces slowly to a stable value.Top-coal caving mining can reduce rockburst risk in a certain mining height range.Therefore,it is recommended that the top-coal caving method should be the preferred method of extraction when mining coal seams ofa certain thickness.Static stress concentration is reduced by reasonably increasing the mining height,and dynamic disturbance is weakened by taking roof pre-splitting measures.Field practice in Xing'an and Junde mines reveals that top-coal caving mining reduces the range over which damage is likely to be suffered and also the severity and frequency of rockbursting when compared with slicing mining,which verified the rockburst-reducing effect of top-coal caving mining.
出处
《中国矿业大学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第2期221-230,共10页
Journal of China University of Mining & Technology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0801403)
江苏省重点研发计划项目(BE2015040)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M610048)
中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-TP-16-072A1)
中国矿业大学煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLCRSM16KF05)
关键词
冲击矿压
厚煤层
综放开采
动载扰动
静载集中
rockburst
thick coal seam
fully mechanized top-coal caving mining
dynamic disturbance
stress concentration
