摘要
本文首先比较了英语重读现象与汉语轻重音现象,阐述了不同超音段语境中元音的分布情况,并提出凸显概念来概述两种语言中的不同现象,认为重读/非重读与轻/重音现象虽然性质有别,功能却基本一致,都造成语音上的凸显与非凸显。凸显条件下,语音要素表现出它的全相特征,即发音完满、饱和,音高、音长、音强、音质以及响度等各种要素都能达到或接近标准范式;反之,非凸显条件下,语音要素普遍呈现出特征的残缺,包括音长缩短、音强减弱、元音音质央化。然后,讨论了日尔曼语以及诺曼斯语重音规则的历史变迁,以及这种变迁对元音变化的影响。最后提出语义表达与语音凸显的关系,韵律型凸显与句法结构、逻辑概念相关,感情型凸显与感情表达相关,它们是元音动态变化的原因,都具有制约线性音段音质的功能。结论指出,语言演化与社会系统状态相关,而语音凸显与非凸显是语言结构的一种微观状态,性质上类似语言所处社会宏观状态,从微观状态的论证可以推知宏观状态所具有的相似条件与演化性质。
This paper compares the phenomena of English accent and Chinese light syllable,and vowel distribution in different contexts.And a general concept of prominence has been provided including these phenomena of the two types of languages,which is considered to make expressive difference.In the condition of prominence,sound elements are of global features with full pronunciation and standard pitch,length,intensity and quality,on the contrary,are of incomplete features with shortened length,weakened intensity,and centralization.Afterwards,the paper discusses the historical changes of Germanic Stress Rule and Romance Stress Rule and their influences on vowels.Finally,the relationship is analyzed between semantic expression and phonetic prominence.Prosodic prominence is closely related to syntactic structures and logical expression.Emotive prominence is bound up with feelings expression.They are the causes of vowel changes dynamically.The result is that sound prominence is a kind of micro-state analogous to macro-state of open language systems or close language systems in society,which tell us with the regularity of vowel changes,that different sound changes can be observed under different conditions of language system state,open or close.
出处
《东方语言学》
2006年第1期183-191,共9页
Journal of East Linguistics
关键词
语音凸显
演化条件
语音变化
sound prominence
evolutional conditions
sound changes
