摘要
岩爆受岩性、应力条件、开采条件等因素影响,发生机制极其复杂,而物理模拟试验研究岩爆具有独特优势。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,从岩爆物理模拟研究的试验仪器、相似材料、加载、开挖、支护和监测测量方法等方面,详细论述当前岩爆物理模拟研究存在的不足和未来的发展方向。主要得到以下结论:建立适合于岩爆的脆性相似判据并研制"低强度、高脆性"的相似材料,是岩爆物理模拟试验成功的基础;分别在理论上和试验方法上解决硬性结构面的相似性判别方法和制作工艺,是研究结构面型岩爆的关键;在保证加载的准确性和受力的均匀性基础上,研制大吨位的加载装置和可考虑复杂岩–机相互作用的TBM掘进机及钻爆法施工工艺,是研究不同岩爆影响因素的保证;开发能够与"硬岩"岩爆以开裂为主的典型变形破坏特征相适应的多元信息监测和测试系统,是成功解译岩爆孕育演化特征和规律的先决条件。研究结论将有助于改进岩爆的物理模拟试验研究现状,为建立岩爆风险的合理评估、准确预测及防控方法提供科学依据。
The mechanism of rockburst is intricate,which is controlled by factors such as lithology,stress and excavation conditions,and the physical simulation test for rockburst has some unique advantages. On the basis of summarizing previous studies on rockburst with physical simulation test,the shortcomings in the present study and the future direction of study were described in detail from the aspects of the test instruments,the similar materials,the loading conditions and the methods of excavation,supporting and monitoring. The following conclusions are obtained. Establishing the similarity criterion of brittleness suitable for rockburst and developing similar materials with low strength and high brittleness are basic testing requirements for the successful physical simulation of rockburst. Solving the problems of the similarity criterion and the manufacturing technology for rigid structural plane theoretically and experimentally respectively are keys for the structural rockburst research. With the required loading accuracy and stressing uniformity,designing the large-tonnage loading device and the TBM which considers the complex rock-machine interaction,and the drill and blast construction technology,are guarantees for the study of different factors influencing the rockburst. Devising diverse information monitoring systems that are matched with the typical deformation and failure characteristics of hard rock cracking is prerequisite to successfully interpret the behavior of rockburst.
出处
《岩石力学与工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期915-923,共9页
Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2014CB046902)
中国科学院科技创新"交叉与合作团队"(人教字[2012]119号)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2–EW–QN115)
关键词
岩石力学
物理模拟试验
岩爆
现状
发展方向
rock mechanics
physical simulation test
rockburst
status
future development direction
