摘要
垫料的使用是动物园饲养管理的重要内容,它能够丰富圈养动物的生活环境,促进动物的健康。垫料需要具备以下条件:1.安全性(不会危害动物的身体健康);2.适用性(能够为动物提供舒适的生活环境);3.经济环保(价格实惠,不会污染环境)。常用的垫料有沙、土、落叶、树皮、木屑、刨花、干草、秸秆、纸、布等。尽可能使用柔软、有弹性、可塑形的自然垫料,同时也要考虑动物的生物学特征、生态习性及其自然生活史。食草动物通常使用河沙作为垫料,要重视对其四肢的保护。食肉动物以自然地被作为垫料,要考虑其筑巢、捕食和休息的需求。灵长类动物提倡使用深度垫料层,减少其异常行为。使用垫料时要控制垫料可能带来的不利影响:提前对垫料进行消毒,做好垫料的保洁工作,防止动物误食垫料,消灭垫料中的害虫。通过不断地探索,把垫料的使用作为动物园圈养野生动物饲养管理的常规方法,切实保障动物的生理和心理健康。
Substrate plays an important role in animal care and management because it enriches the environment of captive animals and promotes their health.Substrate should have properties as follows:(1)safety(no harm to the health of animals);(2)comfort(comfortable accommodation for animals);(3)economy and environment(easy and inexpensive to obtain and environmentally friendly).Sand,soil,leaf,bark,wood chip,wood shavings,hay.straw,paper and cloth are in common use.It is best to use nature substrates that are soft,flexible and manipulable.Meanwhile,biological characteristics,ecological habits and natural living histories of animals should be considered.It is common to use sand as substrate for herbivores and attention should be paid to protecting their limbs.Substrate for carnivores should be natural ground cover,satisfying their requirements for nesting,foraging and resting.We suggest to use deep-bedding substrates for primates to reduce abnormal behaviors.It is necessary to control the potential negative effects of substrate.Substrate should be sterilized before usage and cleaned as needed to prevent animals from ingesting substrate accidently and excluding pests.To ensure the physical and mental health of captive wild animals,we shold take the use of substrate as a convention of animal care and management and seek improvement in its use through further study.
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2015年第3期359-363,共5页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
关键词
动物园
垫料
丰容
动物福利
Zoo
Substrate
Enrichment
Animal welfare
