摘要
清乾隆年间在新疆局部设乡约以协助官方治理基层社会,清末新疆设省后建制划一,将伯克裁改为乡约以期沟通官民。吐鲁番厅汉回乡约以多重身份参与司法活动,查验案情、调纷止争、出保具结以促进社会安定,但乡约因权责利不相符而使其在社会治理过程中缺乏稳定性及可靠性。清末吐鲁番厅乡约在司法活动中的多重角色及其参与词讼之裁断方式表明,新疆建省后努力在制度文教方面与中央王朝趋同,但限于自身社会文化环境与中原的差异性及清廷衰微之势,新疆制度革新之路实属艰难。实践表明新疆基层社会治理不能倚赖乡约而需大力推行文教以改善软环境,且边疆稳定仰赖中央的强盛。
In the Qianlong Period of the Qing dynasty,the central government appointed rural conveners for implementing rural regulations in some places of Xinjiang.In the late Qing dynasty when Xinjiang was established as province,the central government replaced the government-appointed Boke official with the rural convener to assist the official management of the grassroots society.Han and Hui rural conveners of the Turpan Prefecture played different roles in judicial activities,case investigations,dispute settlement,and warranty cases to promote social stability;but they lacked stability and reliability in the social governance due to the inconsistency between powers and responsibilities.Their multi-roles in judicial activities and judgment revealed that Xinjiang as a province tried to follow the central government in various aspects.However,its socio-cultural differences as well as the weakening control of the Qing government led to an arduous journey of institutional reform in Xinjiang.This case showed that grassroots social governance in Xinjiang could not rely on the rural convener but on the improvement in culture and education to improve its soft environment,while the stability of the borderland depended on a powerful central government.
作者
曾耀凤
ZENG Yao-feng(School of Law,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)
出处
《云南民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第5期128-134,共7页
Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中国参与网络空间国际规则制定研究”(16ZDA074)阶段成果
关键词
乡约
多重角色
新疆治理
清末
rural convener
multiple roles
governance of Xinjiang
late Qing dynasty
