摘要
叙实性是叙实动词、命题态度和视点等的函项,知识来源与知识结构影响语言的叙实性;'叙'是个体的心理表征,'叙实'的内容不完全等于事实。'视点'是指一句话的句内与句外同时包含的显性或隐性的参与者的观察角度:(1)视点与指称及晦暗语境相关,'涉名'和'涉实'两种解读反映不同的信念和立场;(2)指称的同一替换操作与多重叙实结构表明,指称表达参照不同视点时句子真值会受视点知识结构的影响而游移;(3)'第一人称权威性'影响叙实性的认定;(4)视点的影响等级为:旁观者视点>言者视点≈听者视点>句内视点。叙实性的本质不完全是词汇的概念结构,各个视点的知识结构使从事实到叙实的映射过程不完全一一对应。自然语言是复杂的,对视点的深入研究有助于正确认识叙实性。
Factivity is a function characterized by factive verbs,propositional attitude,viewpoints and so on.The factivity of language is influenced by the source of our knowledge and our knowledge structure.'Narrative'is the psychological representation of individuals,hence the content of'what is said about the fact'is not exactly on a par with the fact itself.'Viewpoint'refers to the perspectives of participators appeared in the intra-sentential location and beyond sentences as well:(1)these viewpoints relate to reference and opacity,with the interpretation of de dicto and de re presenting different beliefs and standpoints;(2)the substitution of reference and the multi-factive structure indicate that when referring to different viewpoints,the truth of the sentence will shift on account of the knowledge structure of the viewpoints;(3)the'first person authority'will affect the identification of factivity;(4)the hierarchy of the affects of viewpoints is as follow:BYSTANDER>SPEAKER≈LISTENER>INTRA-SENTENTIAL viewpoint.The essence of factivity is not quite the same as the conceptual structure of words,and the knowledge structure of different viewpoints results in the inexact one-to-one mapping from fact to tfactivity.Natural language is complicated,and therefore the further research on viewpoints is conducive to the correct understanding of factivity.
作者
赖蔚晨
张和友
Lai Weichen;Zhang Heyou
出处
《语言研究集刊》
CSSCI
2018年第3期37-52,373,共17页
Bulletin of Linguistic Studies
关键词
叙实性
指称
视点
晦暗语境
知识结构
涉名与涉实
第一人称权威性
factivity
reference
viewpoint
opacity
knowledge structure
de dicto and de re
first person authority
