摘要
以籼型三系杂交稻汕优 63为材料 ,对不同氮肥管理的农艺和经济表现进行了评价。结果表明 ,未施氮肥 (空白区 )的产量为 6.8～ 7.4t·ha- 1,表明试验田背景氮颇高。与农民习惯施肥法 (氮肥 2 40kg·ha- 1)相比 ,改良的农民施肥法 (农民习惯施氮量的 70 % )、实时氮肥管理 (依据叶绿素仪测定值进行的施肥方法 )和实地氮肥管理(施氮时期、施氮量和叶绿素仪测定值相结合的施肥方法 )分别增产 9.2 %～ 10 .3 %、3 .3 %～ 7.0 %和 8.9%～ 9.3 % ,氮肥农学利用率分别提高了 110 .5%～ 13 5.6%、2 0 4.3 %～ 2 97.0 %和 2 0 0 .9%～ 2 76.4%。以上结果表明 ,在产量不降低甚至有所增加的前提下 ,实时、实地氮肥管理可以减少氮肥施用量 ,较大幅度地提高水稻氮肥利用率。另外 ,实时、实地氮肥管理还可以降低稻米的垩白率和垩白度 。
Using indica hybrid rice Shanyou 63 as a material , agronomic and economic characters of different N managements were evaluated. The results showed that the grain yield of the control (N omission plots) ranged fr om 6.8-7.4 t·ha -1 , indicating that indigenous N supply of soil was rather high. Compared with farmer's fertilizer practice (FFP, 240 kg·ha -1 ), the modified FFP (70% N of FFP), real-time N management (RTNM, applying N based on values of chlorophyll meter) and site-specific N management (SSNM, applying ni trogen based on the timing, amount of nitrogen and values of chlorophyll meter) increased the grain yield by 9.2%-10.3%,3.3%-7.0%, 8.9%-9.3%, and agronomic N ef ficiency (the increase in grain yield per unit N applied) by 110.5%-135.6%,204.3 %-297.0% and 200.9%-276.4 %, respectively. The results suggested that RTNM and S SNM have a great potential for improving nitrogen use efficiency without sacrifi cing the grain yield. In addition, RTNM and SSNM also decreased chalky grain per centage and chalkiness to improve grain appearance quality.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第12期1456-1461,共6页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重大国际合作资助项目( 30 2 1 0 1 0 390 1 )
国家"十五"重点攻关资助项目(2 0 0 1BA50 7A 0 9 0 1 0 3)
国际水稻研究所合作资助项目
