2[2]David Moher, Kenneht F Schulz, Douglas G Altman. The CONSORT statement:revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group trail. The Lancet, 357:1191-1194. 被引量:1
二级参考文献15
1Sacks H,Chalmers TC,Smith H Jr.Randomized versus historical controls for clinical trials[J].Am J Med 1982;72;233-40. 被引量:1
2Kunz R,Oxman AD.The unpredictability paradox:review of eropirical comparisons of randomsied and non-randomised clinical trials[J].BMJ 1998;317:1185-90. 被引量:1
3Benson K,Haartz AJ.A comparison of observational and randomized controlled trials[J].N Engl J Med 2000;342:1878-86. 被引量:1
4Concato J,Shah N,Horwitz RI.Randornized,controlled trials,observational studies and the hierarchy of research disigns[J],N Engl J Med 2000;342:1887-92. 被引量:1
5Britton A,McKee M.Black N,McPherson K,Sanderson C,Bain C.Choosing between randomised and non-randomised studies:a systematic review.Health Technol Assess 1998:2(13). 被引量:1
6Deeks JJ,Amico R,Sakarovitch C,Altman DG.How big are the biases associated with non-randomised desighns used in evaluations of healthcare interventions?An empirical investigation. 被引量:1
7Spector R,Vesell ES.The pursuit of clinical truth:role of epidemiology/observation studies[J].J Clin Pharmacol2000;40(11):1205-10 被引量:1
8Egger M,Smith GD,Phillips A.Meta-analysis;principles and procedures[J].BMJ 1997;315:1533-1537. 被引量:1
9United Nations.Department of Economic and Social Affairs.Population Division[R].World Contraceptive use 2003.URLhttp://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/contraceptive2003/About_WCU2003.htm. 被引量:1
10Intrauterine Device[R].ACOG Practice Bulletin No.59 2005; 105(1):223-232. 被引量:1