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欧洲文明的“自由空间”与现代中国——读施米特《大地的法》劄记 被引量:4

European Civilization’s “Free Space” and Modern China:A Reading of Carl Schmitt’s Der Nomos der Erde
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摘要 晚近的“全球史”以人类社会生活为本位,似乎欧洲文明内部争夺世界支配权的血腥厮杀已经决出胜负,自由主义政治人所憧憬的全球化“世界公民”社会时代即将来临。即便没有来临,施米特的《大地的法》所开创的“全球史”研究仍然以国家为本位,同时又超逾了“欧洲中心主义”,其学理依据反倒是:大国间的厮杀并没有终结,不过是越出欧洲范围扩展到全球而已。当面对问题意识明显不同的两种“全球史”概念时,选择与以人类社会生活为本位的“全球史”接轨便意味着,我们相信“世界公民”社会的全球化时代真的会来临。如果情形并非如此,如果18世纪以来迄今不衰的“世界公民”社会理念也许是一种乌托邦,如果国家间的厮杀依然频繁而且惨烈,那么,我们的史学研究和教学致力于给年青一代灌输自由民主的“世界公民”意识,其结果便是让我们的后代忘记自己脚下的土地仍然置身于以国家为本位的全球化冲突的世界历史时刻。 In recent decades,studies on“global history”generally regard the social life of human beings as the standard of historiography.This standard seems to suppose that the struggle within the European civilization to acquire the domination over the world has ended.On the contrary,Carl Schmitt’s Der Nomos der Erde,which also represents a type of“global history”study,still regards the state as its standard and surpasses Euro-Centrism.Compared with the former standard,Schmitt’s study is based on an opposite theory:the struggle between the Great Powers not only continues but also expands from Europe to a global scale.These two conceptions of“global history”suggest completely different concerns.If someone chose to following the former“global history”approach which regards the social life of human beings as its standard(s),he might well believe that a globalized era of cosmopolitan society is surely about to come.However,if the idea of cosmopolitan society since the 18th century was merely an utopia,if the struggle between the states is still grave in our age,if studies and teachings of history still dedicate themselves to a liberal-democratic idea of cosmopolitism,a special kind of amnesia will be the price.The younger generation may well forget that the land beneath them is still on the verge of a world-history moment in an era of global conflict,an era when states still rule and set the“standard”.
作者 刘小枫 Liu Xiaofeng
出处 《中国政治学》 2018年第2期21-64,256-257,共45页 CHINESE POLITICAL SCIENCE
关键词 全球史 施米特 国际法 欧洲中心主义 中国现代外交史 Global History Carl Schmitt International Law Euro-Centrism Diplomatic History of Modern China
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