4Yokoyamay Y, Yokoyamay T, Nagao Y, et al. Treatment of epidural morphine induced pruritus with butorphanol [J ]. Masui, 2009,58 (2) : 178-182. 被引量:1
5Stamer UM, Maier C, Crond S, et al. Tramadbl in the man- agement of post-operative pain: a double-blind, placebo- and active drug-controlled study[J]. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 1997,14 (6):646-654. 被引量:1
6Hennies HH, Friderichs E, Schneider J. Receptor binding, analgesic and antitussive potency of tramadol and other selected opioids[J]. Arzneimittelforschung, 1988,38 (7) : 877- 88O. 被引量:1
7Commiskey S,Fan LW, Ho IK, et al. Butorphanol: effects of a prototypical agonist-antagonist analgesic on kappa-opioid receptors[J]. J Pharmacol Sci, 2005,98 (2) .. 109-116. 被引量:1
8Cleeland CS, Gonin R,Hatfield AK,et al. Pain and its treatment inoutpatients with metastatic cancer [ J ] . N Engl J Med, 1994,330(9);592 -596. 被引量:1
9Jacox A, Carr DB,Payne R. New clinical - practice guidelines forthe management of pain in patients with cancer[ J] . N Engl J Med,1994,330(9) :651 -655. 被引量:1
10Wairen A Katz.曲马多治疗关节炎的药理和临床研究[N].中国医学论坛报,2000:5. 被引量:1