摘要
随着社会经济形态及生活方式的发展,财物占有方式越来越复杂化,给刑法理论带来新的挑战。对于复杂的占有形态,采纳'新二重性占有概念'并建立类型化的占有认定标准是必要且可行的操作路径,即区分单人物理性支配和多人事实性支配的不同层次进行类型化判断:首先判断行为人是否存在单人物理性支配,如存在,则可直接肯定其存在占有;如不存在,进入多人存在事实性支配的场合,依据'社会一般观念'和民事合同、事实性要素的辅助进行判断。进行占有判断的类型化,有助于司法实践中相关案件的妥善处理:错误汇款及错误转账分别处于银行与第三方支付平台的物理性支配之下,归银行及第三方支付平台占有,实践中的该类案件都应按侵占罪处理;使用中的共享单车处于使用者和共享单车公司等多人的事实性支配之下,最终判断为归合法使用者占有,使用者将其隐匿的行为构成侵占罪,而只有非合法使用者隐匿单车才构成盗窃罪,实务中的相关处理方案值得改进,对于多次盗用共享单车等共享物品的行为,未来实务中也应区分情形按盗窃罪或者侵占罪处理。
With the development of social economy and lifestyle,the way of possession of property is becoming more and more complicated,which brings new challenges to the theory of criminal law.For complex possession patterns,it is necessary and feasible to adopt the'new duality possession concept'and establish a typed possession identification standard.That is to distinguish the different levels of individual physical domination and multi-person factual domination:the first judgment is to judge whether the person has individual physical domination;if it exists,we can directly affirm his possession;if it does not exist,we enter the situation where many people have factual domination,judge according to the'common societal attitude'and the assistance of civil contract and factual elements.Typed judgments in possession facilitate the proper handling of relevant cases in judicial practice.Wrong remittances and wrong transfers are under the physical control of banks and third-party payment platforms,and are owned by banks and third-party payment platforms.Such cases should be dealt with according to the crime of embezzlement.The shared bicycles in use are under the factual control of multi-person:users and shared bicycle companies,and finally judged to be possessed by legitimate users,and the users constitute the crime of encroachment by their hidden behaviors.Only the concealment of bicycles by illegal users constitutes theft.Relevant solutions in practice deserve improvements.For the misappropriation of shared items such as shared bicycles,the future practice should also distinguish between theft and embezzlement based on cases.
作者
刘俊杰
LIU Jun-jie(The Research Center of Criminal Jurisprudence,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Law School,The Humboldt University of Berlin,Berlin 10099,Germany)
出处
《现代法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期140-155,共16页
Modern Law Science
基金
2018年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(201806360053)
关键词
类型化
单人物理性支配
多人事实性支配
规范支配
typed
individual physical domination
multi-person factual domination
normative domination
