摘要
【目的】研究脑樟不同部位精油成分及其相对含量的变化规律,为脑樟精油原料利用部位的选择和经营管理提供重要依据。【方法】采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取脑樟不同部位(叶、新枝、老枝、树干、主根及侧根)的精油,并采用GC-MS联用技术测定各部位精油成分及其相对含量。【结果】脑樟叶、新枝、老枝、树干、主根及侧根的平均得油率分别为1.86%,0.41%,0.36%,0.45%,2.23%和2.11%,从脑樟6个不同部位精油中共鉴定出60种化合物,其中叶、新枝、老枝、树干、主根及侧根精油中分别鉴定出46,43,44,29,25和25种化合物,已鉴定的成分分别占相应总组分的90.48%,89.44%,89.70%,95.27%,89.91%和88.21%。6个不同部位精油中相对含量大于1%的成分分别有9,11,11,9,4和3种,占相应总组分的82.85%,81.45%,79.35%,87.35%,84.11%和82.40%;相对含量大于5%的典型性成分有樟脑、1,8-桉叶油素和黄樟油素3种,这3种典型性成分相对含量在空间的分布呈两端(叶、根)少、中间(树干)多的变化趋势;此外,3种典型性成分的相对含量在6个部位中的分布格局也不同;从形态学上端到下端,樟脑相对含量呈由高到低的变化规律;黄樟油素相对含量与樟脑完全相反;1,8-桉叶油素则呈两头(叶和根)低、中间高的变化规律。【结论】脑樟6个不同部位精油中共有成分有17种,特有成分叶3种,老枝2种,树干3种,而新枝、主根及侧根中均未发现特有成分。
【Objective】This study was conducted to investigate the components and their relative contents in essential oils from different parts of camphor type so as to provide basis for the selection of essential oil materials from different parts of camphor type and design of management measures.【Method】Essential oils were extracted by steam distillation method from leaf,new branch,old branch,stem,tap root and lateral root of camphor type,and the components and their relative contents were analyzed using GCMS.【Result】The average oil ratios of extracts from leaf,new branch,old branch,stem,tap root and lateral root of camphor type were 1.86%,0.41%,0.36%,0.45%,2.23%and 2.11%,respectively.A total of 60 components were identified from the essential oils,and the numbers from leaf,new branch,old branch,stem,tap root and lateral root were 46,43,44,29,25 and 25,respectively.The relative contents of identifiedcomponents were 90.48%,89.44%,89.70%,95.27%,89.91%and 88.21%,respectively.The numbers of components with relative contents of>1%from the six parts were 9,11,11,9,4and 3,respectively,accounting for 82.85%,81.45%,79.35%,87.35%,84.11%and 82.40%of the total components.The components with relative contents of>5%included camphor,1,8-cineole and safrole,and the distribution pattern of their components with relative contents were was lower in sides(leaf and root)and higher in middle(stem).In addition,the relative contents of these 3components in the six parts were also different,the relative contents of camphor decreased from the morphological upper part to the morphological lower part,while safrole behaved oppositely.1,8-cineole was low in leaf and stem,and high in the middle parts.【Conclusion】The number of the common components among the six parts was 17,while the numbers of special components of leaf,old branch and stem were 3,2and 3,respectively.No special components were found in new branch,tap root and lateral root.
出处
《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第10期126-132,共7页
Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201004073)
江西省科技创新"六个一"工程重大科技专项(2010AZX00500)
