摘要
基于最简方案下以外骨架模式为代表的构式取向论元理论,本文认为英语、法语中动结构的句法推导涉及两个事件结构,主事件选择另一个带有未被约束变量的事件作为其谓语。中动句的静态语义来自主事件结构的句法推导,而动态语义则来自作为谓语的事件。中动句主语之所以被理解为主动词的主旨论元,是因为主动词所在事件的主旨论元是一个变量,在句法推导中被主语约束。英语、法语中动句的一系列差异都可归因于一个与词库有关的微观参数,即词库中是否有代词性附着语。英语的中动结构没有附着语,需要依赖功能核心词产生变量;法语的中动结构有附着语直接充当论元,并且附着语在其所处的事件结构中不能被约束,因此在句法推导中具备变量的功能。
Based on the constructivist approach(the exo-skeletal(XS) model in particular) to argument structure in the minimalist framework,this paper argues that the derivation of the middle construction in both English and French involves two event structures. The matrix event selects as its predicate an embedded event which takes an unbound variable. The stative semantic property of middles originates from the derivation of the matrix event,while the dynamic interpretation is the result of the derivation of the embedded event that serves as the predicate. The subject of the middle construction is understood as the theme of the matrix verb because the variable taking the theme role in the embedded event is bound by the subject. The cross-linguistic differences between English and French middles can be reduced to a single micro-parameter located in the lexicon,that is,whether there is a pronominal clitic in the lexicon. There is no such clitic in English,and thus English middles have to rely on a functional head to create a variable,while in French,a clitic is selected as an argument,which also serves as a variable in the derivation because it cannot be bound in the domain of the embedded event.
作者
胡旭辉
HU Xuhui(School of Foreign Languages,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《外语教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第1期3-16,159,共15页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
基金
国家社科基金项目"基于宜兴方言的新构式语法理论研究"(18BYY044)的资助
关键词
中动结构
最简方案
论元理论
参数差异
Intermediate structure
Minimalist scheme
Argument theory
Parametric difference
