摘要
欧盟直接效力原则是欧盟法院在个案中确立并发展起来的原则。作为处理欧盟法与成员国法关系的重要指导,在巩固一体化成果、保证欧盟法统一解释和适用以及维护欧盟法自治性上发挥了重要作用。随着司法实践的发展,尽管法院对直接效力原则的内涵、外延、适用范围和条件做了澄清,却仍存在许多问题。突出表现为国际条约直接适用问题上存在双重标准、判断难度加大和法律确信等问题。《里斯本条约》通过后,该原则还面临着《欧盟基本权利宪章》的现实冲击和挑战。从现有判例看,法院倾向于否定宪章的横向直接效力,而是在一定条件下与一项指令相结合,旨在贯彻某项欧盟原则的前提下享有横向直接效力。这给宪章的有效执行带来很大的挑战和不确定性。
The principle of direct effect has been established and further developed by the European Court of Justice( the Court) case by case. As an important guidance dealing with the relationship between European Union law and member states' national law,it has played an important role in strengthening the integration of EU,ensuring unified interpretation and application of EU law,and maintaining EU autonomy. With the development of judicial practice,although the Court has explained the extension and connotation of the principle of direct effect,the applicable scope and conditions,there are still many problems. They mainly center on double standards for judging the direct effect of international treaties while more and more complicated situation for judges to make decision and violation of principle of legal certainty. After the Lisbon Treaty,the direct effect principle also confronted challenges brought by EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. From the existing cases,the Court tends to deny the horizontal direct effect of the Charter,but under certain conditions combined with a directive,to implement the principle of the EU granting it horizontal direct effect,which posed great challenges and uncertainty to the effective implementation of the Charter.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
2017年第2期118-132,共15页
Wuhan University International Law Review
基金
2013年国家哲学社会科学基金青年项目"国际法视域下中国转基因食品安全立法困境与出路研究"(13CFX109)
2012年国家哲学社会科学规划一般项目"贸易自由化背景下我国文化产业政策法规的发展与改革研究"(12BFX142)的阶段性成果
