摘要
单位赔偿责任限制问题是海运承运人中较为特色的规定,有其存在的历史和经济合理性。它不仅仅表现为责任限额的高低,责任限制权主体、丧失责任限制权等其他相关规定,也属于单位责任限制问题范畴。《鹿特丹规则》在承运人责任制度等方面有所创新的同时,也对该问题有相应规定,除了责任主体、适用范围、批量合同对单位责任限制影响较大之外,主要继承了现存海运公约规定,并没有太多创新。但是《鹿特丹规则》在主体制度的创新有助于消除中国港口经营人是否应当享有责任限制的争论,在适用范围上扩大则有可能使我国部分非海运区段承运人享有责任限制。因此,该公约就此问题的规定仍然潜在地影响着中国。此外,未来立法或者修改法律时,我国应有全局意识,考虑单位责任限制所在的整体法律语境,根据我国具体实践设定责任限额并扩大涵盖的索赔事项范围。更进一步而言,我国应该多考虑多式联运的赔偿责任限额冲突问题。
Package limitation of liability,as one of the features of sea carriers,is justified for economic convenience and its history.Package limitation of liability covers the limitation amounts,the parties entitled to limited liability,and loss of right to limited liability.With some innovations in the carriers ’ liability system,such as the liable parties,scope of application,volume contract,Rotterdam Rules follow most existing conventions.However,material changes may take place on the port operator and the nonmaritime leg carrier in China due to the brand-new concept of "maritime performing party" to govern a wet multimodal contract.Consequently China shall consider package limitation according to China’s industrial practice.Furthermore,the conflict between different package limitation under multimodalism shall be considered.
出处
《武大国际法评论》
CSSCI
2014年第2期237-259,共23页
Wuhan University International Law Review
关键词
海运履约方
“湿”多式联运合同
责任限额
件/单位
丧失责任
限制
maritime performing party
wet multimodal transport contract
limitation amount
package/unit
loss of right to limit
