摘要
根据皇甫川、窟野河、佳芦河、秃尾河、大理河 5条支流内黄丘区小流域淤地坝的调查资料 ,分析了淤地坝单坝的淤积速度、拦沙指标和拦沙效益 ,以及与其影响因素之间的关系。研究结果表明 ,黄土高原丘陵沟壑区淤地坝的淤地拦沙效益与淤地坝的规格、流域的侵蚀产沙特征有着密切的关系。淤地坝的平均淤积库容在 0 .9～ 2 .4万m3 之间 ,平均淤地面积在 0 .14～ 0 .45hm2 之间 ,与坝高、坝控面积、侵蚀产沙模数和泥沙粒径成正比 ;拦沙指标变化在 5 0 0～ 760万t/km2 之间 ,与坝高成正比 ,与泥沙颗粒大小成反比 ;拦沙效益在 2 3 .3 %～ 5 2 .9%之间 ,与坝高成正比 ,与坝控面积、粗泥沙输沙模数呈反比关系。并对林草措施与工程措施的配置问题进行了讨论 ,认为在生态环境建设的初期 ,应进行综合治理 ,发挥各项措施的水土保持作用 ,促进退耕还林 (草 ) ,以及林草的恢复和功能的发挥。在研究方面 ,应加强各项水土保持措施减沙作用在时间上的互补性与协调性 ,以及在空间上的适宜性与合理布局的研究。研究成果可为黄土高原的淤地坝设计、流域效益评价、土地资源的合理利用提供依据。
On the basis of investigation data of check dams in small watersheds in hilly and gully region of Huangpuchuan, Kuyehe, Jialuhe,Tuweihe and Dalihe rivers on the Loess Plateau, the velocity of silting, sediment blocking index and sediment blocking benefit of single check dam, and the relationships between them and its effect factors were analyzed. The annual average silting volume of check dam was 0.9～2.1×104 m^3, and the annual average silting land of check dam was 0.14～0.45 hm^2; They are positively related to the height and control area of check dam, erosive sediment modulus and the size of sediment particles in the control area of check dam. The sediment blocking index varied from 500×10~4 t/km^2 to 760×10~4 t/km^2, and has positive relationship with the height of check dam, and negative relationship with the size of sediment particles. The sediment blocking benefit of check dam ranged from 23.3% to 52.9%, and has positive relationship with check dam height, negative relationship with the control area of check dam and the modulus of coarse sediment(d>0.05 mm) in the control area of check dam. It was considered that the comprehensive control should be carried out to produce a marked effect of each of soil-water conservation measures, to promote converting slope field into forest or grasses cultivation, and to restore the forest and grasses and bring the soil erosion preventing function of forest and grasses into full play in the early period of ecological environment construction.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第6期302-306,共5页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家 973项目 (No.2 0 0 2CB1 1 1 50 2 )
中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (No .KZCX1 1 0 0 4 )
国家自然科学基金项目 (No.40 2 71 0 74)
关键词
黄土高原
淤地坝
拦沙效益
Loess Plateau
check dam
benefit of sediment blocking
