摘要
目的 分析不同时期麻疹流行病学特征 ,提出控制、消除麻疹策略。方法 对 195 1～2 0 0 0年麻疹发病情况及麻疹减毒活疫苗 (MV)接种和人群免疫水平等有关资料进行统计分析。结果使用MV前期 (195 1～ 196 6年 )、MV推广期 (196 7～ 1978年 )、MV计划免疫期 (1979～ 1986年 )、计免 -冷链运转期 (1987～ 2 0 0 0年 )的麻疹平均发病率分别为 6 39 10 /十万、4 36 4 0 /十万、16 3 10 /十万、4 35 /十万 ,呈逐年下降趋势 ;麻疹发病呈明显的冬春季流行高峰 ,有后移趋势 ;10岁以下儿童发病占总病例数的 78 8%。 196 7～ 2 0 0 0年全省累计使用MV 172 2 2 75万人份 ,1979～ 2 0 0 0年MV报告接种率维持在84 8%～ 95 9%之间 ,1994～ 2 0 0 0年MV免疫成功率、健康人群麻疹抗体阳性率维持在 88 9%～94 4 %、87 4 %～ 98 1%。结论 :1 广东省麻疹疫情已得到有效控制 ;2 保持高水平的免疫接种率和免疫成功率是控制、消除麻疹的前提和基础 ;3 开展MV初始强化免疫是控制、消除麻疹的关键 ;4 开展MV后续强化免疫、应急免疫和风疹疫苗免疫是控制、消除麻疹的必要补充 ;5 建立、健全麻疹监测系统是控制。
Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristic of measles in Guangdong Province in different periods and to develop a series of strategies for measles control. Methods Analyzing the morbidity of measles, the immunization coverage rate of measles vaccine (MV) and the measles antibody level in population from 1951 to 2000.Results: The morbidity of measles in pre-vaccine period (639.10/100 000, 1951～1966), vaccine application period (436.40/100 000, 1967～1978), EPI period (163.10/100 000, 1979～1986) and EPI-cold chain period (4.35/100 000, 1987～2000) showed a significant decline trend and measles incidence peak a delay trend also. Most measles cases were under 10-year old, accounting for 78.8%. A total number of 172 227 500 person-doses MV were used from 1967 to 2000. The MV coverage rates were in the range from 84 8% to 95.9% in 1979～2000. The immunization successful rates and seropositive rates were in the range from 88.9% to 94.4% and from 87.4% to 98.1% respectively in 1994～2000.Conclusion:1. Measles was effectively controlled in Guangdong Province. 2. Strategies should be taken in measles control and elimination, including: (1) Maintenance high routine vaccination coverage ('Keep-up') and high vaccination success rate; (2) Implementation of measles 'Catch up' and 'Follow up' complementary approaches; (3) Establishment and improvement of the measles surveillance system.
出处
《华南预防医学》
2002年第1期17-21,共5页
South China Journal of Preventive Medicine
