摘要
目的:了解44例医院感染病例抗菌药物的应用情况及其对医院感染发生的影响。方法:应用解放军总医院与中国科技大学研究生院联合设计的《抗菌药物利用流行病学调查软件包》对每个病例进行录入、统计和分析。结果:①44例患者在医院感染发生前,抗菌药物使用率达88.64％,预防用药和无指征用药占31.86％,不合理用药为33.63％。②头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物使用频度较高。③44例患者在医院感染发生前使用抗菌药物治疗时,95.5％未做病原学检查和药敏试验。④44例医院感染多发生于用药时间长的患者,以胃肠道感染为多见。⑤在8项医院感染危险因素中,广谱抗菌药物应用的构成比为29.06％,排列第1,在感染率的统计中其为3.93％,排列第7。结论:①抗菌药物的预防性应用比例过大。②抗菌药物的使用仍以经验用药为主,病原学检查和药敏试验比例过小。③抗菌药物应用既是医院感染的控制因素,又是医院感染的危险因素。
Objective: To understand the condition of the antibacterial drug utilization and the effects of these drugs on the nosocomial infections. Methods: The data of 44 patients of the nosocomial infections were in entry and statistical analysis with a software of pharmacoepidemiology. Results: In 44 cases, the frequency of antibacterial administration was 88.64% before nosocomial infections, 31.86% for preventive purposes and 33.63% for unreasonable application. Moreover, the microbiological assay and drug sensitive test were not done in 95.5 % of the cases before antibacterials taken. The nosocomial infections mostly occured in the patients who took the drugs for a long time, the gastrointestinal infections standing first on the list. In 8 risk factors of the nosocomial infections, the constitutive ratio and afterwards infection rate of the broadspectrum antibacterial utilization were 29.06 % and 3.93 % , ranking the first and the seventh, respectively. Conclution: Antibacterials are empirically used in clinic for both prevention and treatment with less attention to the microbiological assay and the drug sensitive test. The administration of an-tibacterials is a protective factor, and one of the risk factors for the nosocomial infections, too.
出处
《药物不良反应杂志》
2000年第4期232-235,共4页
Adverse Drug Reactions Journal
关键词
医院感染
抗菌药物
用药情况
病原学
耐药性
antibacterial drug utilization
nosocomial infections
investigation
