摘要
施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力贡献是评价施肥是否科学的关键参数,为了给黄土高原黑垆土区施肥及农业可持续发展提供科学的决策依据,通过设置在黄土高原黑垆上的长期定位试验系统研究了不同施肥的作物产量和土壤肥力贡献。试验设不施肥(CK)、单施氮肥(N)、氮磷配施(NP)、秸秆与氮磷配施(SNP)、单施有机肥(M)和有机肥与氮磷配施(MNP)6个处理。结果表明,所有处理玉米和小麦累积产量与种植年限显著正相关。MNP、SNP、NP、M4处理玉米年均产量分别为8 856、7 089、7 226、7 043 kg·hm^(-2),小麦年均产量分别为4 916、3 747、4 132、3868kg·hm^(-2),均显著高于对照(CK)。SNP、M和MNP处理玉米和小麦产量与NP处理相近或高于NP处理。氮肥、磷肥的作物累积产量贡献量与种植年限分别呈二次凹函数和凸函数关系。氮磷配施(NP)、秸秆还田的作物累积产量贡献量则与种植年限显著正相关,其年均玉米产量贡献量分别为3408、2191kg·hm^(-2),小麦产量贡献量分别为429、206kg·hm^(-2)。长期施用有机肥及秸秆还田可显著增加土壤有机质和全氮含量。长期施磷肥土壤有效磷含量显著增加,而长期施用有机肥土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均显著增加。总体而言,黄土高原黑垆土区长期平衡施用化肥、施用有机肥、秸秆与化肥配合施用及有机肥与化肥配合施用均可增加作物产量,提升土壤肥力质量,适宜化肥施用量为N 90kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5 75 kg·hm^(-2),秸秆还田可隔年施磷。
【Objective】Contributions of fertilization to crop yield and soil fertility are key parameters in evaluating whether the fertilization practices are reasonable or not. In order to provide some scientific basis for decision-making in fertilizing and developing sustainable agriculture in the Heilu soil region of the Loess Plateau, this paper tried to explore in-depth contribution of fertilization to crop yield and soil fertility in a long-term stationary field experiment in the region, relative to treatment.【Method】The long-term experiment, which has been carried on since 1978, was designed to have six treatments,that is, CK(no fertilizer), N(single chemical fertilizer of N), NP(chemical fertilizers of N and P), SNP(straw and chemical fertilizers of N and P), M(single organic manure) and MNP(organic manure and chemical fertilizers of N and P).【Result】Results show that accumulative yields of wheat and maize were significantly and positively related to the number of years the crops had been cultivated in all the treatments with determination coefficients R2 being all higher than 0.95. The crop of maize and wheat in treatment MNP, SNP, NP and M reached 8 856, 7 089, 7 226, 7 043 kg·hm-2 and 4 916, 3 747, 4 132 and3 868 kg·hm-2, respectively, in mean annual yield, significantly higher than that in the control(CK).However, among the four treatments, treatments SNP, M and MNP were similar to or higher than treatment NP. The relationships between the contribution of N fertilizer and P fertilizer to accumulative yield and the number of years of cultivation could be well fitted by quadratic concave function and convex function,respectively. In treatments NP and SNP, the contribution was significantly and positively related to the number of years of cultivation, reaching 3 407 and 2 191 kg·hm-2, respectively with maize 429 and 208 kg·hm-2 respectively with wheat, in accumulative yield. Treatments MNP and SNP significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen, while treatments CK and
作者
俄胜哲
丁宁平
李利利
袁金华
车宗贤
周海燕
尚来贵
E Shengzhe;DING Ningping;LI Lili;YUAN Jinhua;CHE Zongxian;ZHOU Haiyan;SHANG Laigui(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and water-saving Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Pingliang,Gansu 744000,China)
出处
《土壤学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期195-206,共12页
Acta Pedologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41661072)
甘肃省农业科学院创新专项(2017GAAS26)资助~~
关键词
黑垆土
作物累积产量
土壤肥力
作物产量贡献量
秸秆还田
Heilu soil
Accumulative crop yield
Soil fertility
Contribution to crop yield
Straw returning
