摘要
通过田间试验,对作物光合、蒸腾、气孔行为及其影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,光合与蒸腾的非线性关系可以用抛物线方程表述,其中光合速率最高时的蒸腾速率为临界值,超出该值即为奢侈蒸腾,干旱处理的临界值较低.通过合适的调控措施,抑制奢侈蒸腾并不影响光合生产.综合分析光合速率、蒸腾速率与气孔导度的关系,气孔导度大于0.12 mol·m-2·s-1,实施提高气孔阻力并抑制蒸腾的措施,既节约水分又促进光合作用,增加产量.光合速率基本上随光合有效辐射的增加而提高,并有光饱和点存在.水分条件影响叶片光合作用达到饱和的早晚.干旱处理的光饱和点远远低于湿润处理.强光需要水分充足相耦合,才能充分发挥光能利用率.蒸腾与辐射的线性关系十分显著.从光合有效辐射入手,在光合有效辐射大于1 000μmol·m-2·s-1时实施措施,既可大大降低蒸腾,又可改善光合,节水增产效果不言而喻.
It is well known that the development of water-saving agriculture is a strategic choice for getting rid of the crisis of water shortage. In this paper, the crop photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatic behavior, and their affecting factors were studied in view of increasing the crop water use efficiency. The experimental results showed that there was a parabola relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration. The transpiration at the maximum photosynthesis was a critical value, above which, transpiration was the luxurious part. The luxurious transpiration could be controlled without affecting photosynthetic production. It is possible that the measures for increasing stomatic resistance and preventing transpiration could save water, and improve photosynthesis and yield as well. The photosynthesis rate increased with photosynthetic active radiation, and the light saturation point for photosynthesis existed. The light saturation point of dry treatment was much lower than that of wet treatment, and the relationship between transpiration and radiation was linear. When the photosynthetic active radiation was bigger than 1000 μmol·m-2·s-1, some treatments could be carried out for decreasing transpiration and improving photosynthesis.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
2003年第10期1632-1636,共5页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(49801003和40275004)
关键词
冬小麦
作物光合
蒸腾
水分利用效率
Winter wheat, Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Water use efficiency
