摘要
中国油气资源将长期处于短缺状态。自1993年中国成为石油净进口国以来,油气进口量逐年增加,2015年分别达到3.28亿t和624亿m^3。据中国工程院和国际能源署(IEA)等单位预测:中国未来将长期处于油气短缺状态,石油对外依存度将从2015年的65%提高到2030年的80%以上;油气资源在中国能源结构中的比率目前不到23%,与美国的67%和俄罗斯的75%相比严重偏低,大幅度提高油气资源的比率对于减少污染和提高人民生活水平具有现实意义。中国油气资源丰富,但地质条件十分复杂且开发成本高。具体表现为:中国的油气资源分布高度不均,在不同盆地、不同年代地层、不同埋藏深度条件下差异性大;中国油气资源中非常规油气资源比率高且种类多;中国油气资源中易勘探开发的常规油气资源比率少、油气资源品质总体较差、剩余油气资源赋存的地质条件恶劣,勘探难度大且成本高。中国油气资源勘探开发研究虽取得了重大进展,但仍与国外先进水平有较大差距。理论上,在中国复杂叠合盆地的形成演化、地层划分、岩石类型成因、天然气成因类型鉴别等方面取得了重要进展;技术上,在复杂地质条件下的油气勘探技术、复杂油气藏的开发与开采技术等方面取得了重要进展;装备上,研发了超万米钻机、海洋985钻井平台、大型压裂车、X100级管线钢、地质导向PDC钻头等设备。尽管如此,中国在非常规、深层、深海等关键领域的油气勘探开发技术上还大幅度落后于发达国家,处于领先的高新技术所占比率不超过30%,60%以上的技术处于跟踪状态。中国油气资源研究面临3方面挑战:一是中国国内油气资源勘探开发的难度大且成本高,每年发现储量增长缓慢,储产比非常低,需要加大关键技术研发力度;二是中国油气资源勘探开发关键技术研发投入的经费少且变化性大,不利于原创性技术的
Hydrocarbon resources will be in short supply in the future in China. Since 1993, China has been a net importer of oil while oil and gas imports increase year by year. The amounts imported reached 328 million tons of oil and 62.4 billion cubic meters of gas in 2015. External oil dependency will increase from 65% in 2015 to more than 80% in 2030. The Chinese Academy of Engineering and the International Energy Agency(IEA) predict that China will have future long-term oil and gas shortages. The proportion of oil and gas in China's energy use is less than 23% at present, which is substantially lower than the 75% in the United States and 67% in Russia. A substantial increase in the proportion of oil and gas used has practical significance in reducing pollution and improving people's living standards.China is rich in oil and gas resources, but the geological conditions are complex and development is expensive. Chinese hydrocarbon resources show many characteristics. Firstly, the oil and gas resource distribution is highly uneven. The characteristics of hydrocarbon resources in different basins, different chronostratigraphy and different burial depths are very different. Secondly, the unconventional oil and gas resources are very varied and large. Finally, the residual conventional oil and gas resources are smaller, poor quality and have adverse geological conditions. Future exploration will face great difficulties and high costs. Although China's oil and gas exploration research has achieved a great deal, there is still a large gap from advanced foreign levels. In theory, significant progress has been made in understanding the formation and evolution of reservoirs, stratigraphic classification and the origins of different rock types and gas types and China's complicated superimposed basins. In technology, important progress has been made in oil and gas exploration technology under complicated geological conditions, complex reservoir development and exploitation technology. As to equipment, the ultra-deep drilling, ocea
出处
《石油科学通报》
2016年第1期2-23,共22页
Petroleum Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划"973"项目(2011CB201100)资助
关键词
中国油气资源
油气勘探开发
非常规油气
深层油气
深海油气
China hydrocarbon resources
oil and gas exploration and development
unconventional oil and gas
deep oil and gas
deep-sea oil and gas
