摘要
佛用梵文傳過法。佛在世時已經有佛經存在。混合梵文不是一種獨立的語言。天竺高僧所漢譯之佛經必是翻譯自梵文佛經,而西域高僧也是以天竺梵文佛經為最根本最可靠之依據,《高僧傳》多處一系列明確所記載之絕大多數西域譯經高僧所依據之漢譯底本皆為梵文佛經是絕對真實可信的。竺法蘭所譯之《四十二章經》為漢地見存諸經之始是可以接受的。佛是一個由音譯發展而來的意譯辭彙。佛、塔、禪等等最常用的佛教詞語都是由雙(多)音節詞向單音節詞發展,總的趨勢是向單音節詞回歸。屬於中古漢語的漢譯佛經之典範語言(不包括過渡性的翻譯現象和翻譯試驗)是中古文言書面語而非白話書面語,屬於中古漢語的漢譯佛經之典範語言(不包括過渡性的翻譯現象和翻譯試驗)也不是所謂的佛教混合漢語,所謂的佛教混合漢語只是暫時的過渡性的翻譯現象和翻譯試驗,根本就不是一種語言。
Shakya Muni(Buddha Shakyamuni)preached in Sanskrit.Buddhist scriptures already existed before Shakya Muni.The Chinese Buddhist scriptures must be translated by the ancient Indian Buddhist monks from the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures,and the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures of the ancient India were also treated as the most fundamental and the most reliable basis of Buddhism by the Buddhist monks of the Western Regions as well as the ancient India.It is acceptable that Sutra in Forty-Two Sections translated by Dharmaratna is the beginning of the Chinese Buddhist scriptures.Fo(佛)is a free translation word developed from transliteration words.The most common Buddhist words such as Fo(佛),Ta(塔),Chan(禅),etc.,were all developed from disyllabic(Polysyllabic)words to monosyllabic words,and the general tendency is to return to the monosyllabic words.The Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures’canonical language(excluding transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments)which belongs to middle ancient Chinese language is classical Chinese written language rather than vernacular Chinese written language.The Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures’canonical language(excluding transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments)which belongs to Medieval Chinese language is not the so-called Buddhist mixed Chinese language which is transitional translation phenomena and translation experiments and which is not at all a language.
出处
《中国俗文化研究》
2018年第2期99-122,共24页
Studies on Folk Literature
关键词
梵文
漢譯佛經
中古漢語
文言
白話
Sanskrit
Chinese translated Buddhist scriptures
middle ancient Chinese language
classical Chinese language
vernacular Chinese language
