摘要
为了合理配置烤烟的灌溉计划和提高水资源的利用效率,基于贵州省1961—2015年81个气象观测站逐日气象资料,采用美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式分别计算研究区域内烤烟不同生育阶段的有效降水量和需水量,并分析了烤烟不同生育阶段灌溉需求指数的变化特征。结果表明:近55年,贵州省烤烟伸根期、旺长期、成熟期和大田生育期有效降水量分别为26.9~75.4 mm,45.2~88.9 mm,66.4~167.6 mm和152.8~284.8 mm;需水量分别为51.9~78.8 mm,148.8~202.2 mm,85.2~122.8 mm和332.5~412.6 mm,以旺长期日均需水量最大;多年平均灌溉需求指数分别为0.20,0.32,0.26,0.35;烤烟不同生育阶段有效降水量和需水量随时间变化均呈递减趋势,伸根期灌溉需求指数呈递增变化趋势,其他生育期呈递减趋势;空间分布上,烤烟伸根期有效降水量自东向西呈递减趋势;伸根期、旺长期灌溉需求指数自西南向东北递减的变化趋势,而成熟期和大田期呈相反趋势。
In order to configure the irrigation plan for flue-cured tobacco properly and improve the efficiency of water use,based on the daily meteorological data of 81 meteorological stations in Guizhou during the past 55 years,the effective precipitation and water requirement in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco in Guizhou were calculated by an effective precipitation recommended by the USDA soil conservation agency and a reference crop evapotranspiration and the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,and the variation characteristics of irrigation demand index of flue-cured tobacco in different growth stages were analyzed.The results showed that,in the past 55 years,the effective precipitation amounts during the root extending,vigorous,mature periods and field growth period of flue-cured tobacco in Guizhou Province were 26.9~75.4 mm,45.2~88.9 mm,66.4~167.6 mm and 152.8~284.8 mm,respectively;the water requirements were 51.9~78.8 mm,148.8~202.2 mm,85.2~122.8 mm and 332.5~412.6 mm respectively,and the water requirement of vigorous period was the highest;the average annual irrigation demand indexes were 0.20,0.32,0.26 and 0.35,respectively;the effective precipitation and water demand of flue-cured tobacco showed a decreased trend with time,and the irrigation demand index showed an increased trend during the root-extension period.The irrigation demand indexes showed a decreasing trend in other growth periods.With respect to the spatial distribution,the effective precipitation in the root extending period of flue-cured tobacco decreased from east to west;the trend of the irrigation demand index in the root extending and the vigorous period decreased from the southwest to the northeast,while it showed opposite tendency in mature period and field growth period.
作者
张波
裴兴云
曹华
古书鸿
莫建国
ZHANG Bo;PEI Xingyun;CAO Hua;GU Shuhong;MO Jianguo(Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate,Guiyang550002,China;Guizhou Meteorological Service Center,Guiyang550002,China;Guizhou Meteorological Information Center,Guiyang550002,China;Guizhou Key Laboratory of Mountainous Climate and Resources,Guiyang550002,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期215-221,共7页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金(41365008)
贵州省气象局青年基金(黔气科合[2015]13号)
关键词
烤烟
需水量
有效降水
灌溉需求指数
贵州省
flue-cured tobacco
water demand
effective precipitation
irrigation demand index
Guizhou Province
