摘要
联合国巴黎气候变化大会成功落幕,正式宣告一个气候变化治理时代被另一个时代所代替。鉴于《京都议定书》的明显不足,《巴黎协定》取代《京都议定书》具有历史的必然性和进步性。无论从治理机制、法律形式、法律基本原则、法律履约机制还是市场机制等方面,《巴黎协定》都与《京都议定书》有本质的区别。《巴黎协定》的灵活性制度设计虽然在最大程度上吸引了各个国家广泛参与和支持,淡化了发展中国家与发达国家间的对立,却又由于强制履约机制的缺失而使得国际条约履约充满风险和不确定性。如何通过构建有效的履约透明度框架实现条约的灵活性和有效性双重目标,如何通过降低履约成本提升履约积极性,是国际社会在"后《巴黎协定》时代"亟待解决的棘手问题。
The Successful Completion of the COP21 UN Climate Change Conference marks the start of a new climate governance age. Given the limits of Kyoto Protocol, its successor, Paris Agreement,represents historical progress and necessity. Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol are different in many fundamental ways, ranging from governance mechanism, legal form, key principles, compliance mechanism to market mechanism. The flexibility of Paris Agreement in terms of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions helps to attract worldwide participation and contributes to narrowing the gaps between developed and developing countries. However, the lack of a strong compliance mechanism enhances the risks of treaty non-compliance. How to build a transparent compliance framework in order to realise the twin goals of flexibility and effectiveness,and how to reduce the compliance costs to enhance compliance willingness are among the key challenges to be addressed in the Post-Paris-Climate-Agreement age.
出处
《国际法研究》
2016年第3期77-88,共12页
Chinese Review of International Law
关键词
《京都议定书》
《巴黎协定》
混合型治理机制
国家自主贡献目标
履约机制
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
Hybrid Climate Governance Structure
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions
Compliance Mechanism
