摘要
本文考察韩国、印度和巴西三个发展中国家在20世纪50—80年代的经济发展战略、教育发展优先次序及其关系。韩国选择实施遵循比较优势经济发展战略,优先发展初等教育。1956年之前印度实施甘地经济发展战略,优先发展初等教育;从"二五"计划开始,印度优先发展重工业,同时优先发展高等教育,优先投资于高等教育。巴西选择实施违背比较优势的进口替代战略,也选择优先发展高等教育。发展中国家的教育发展优先次序和发展路径是由其经济发展战略决定的。只要选择实施违背比较优势发展战略,发展中国家就必然要选择优先发展高等教育。只有选择实施遵循比较优势发展战略的国家,才能优先发展初等教育,按照遵循循序渐进的原则去发展教育。
This paper investigates the relationship between strategies of economic development and educational development priorities in South Korea,India and Brazil over the period of 1950s-1980s. In this period,South Korea implemented the comparative advantage-following strategy for its economic growth,and set the elementary education as the country’s first priority in education. In India,before 1956 Gandhi’s economic ideas prevailed and elementary education was also a first priority. From its second 5-year plan,Indians focused more on the heavy industries and switched to increased investment in higher education. Similar to India,Brazil chose to invest first in higher education,while implementing import substitution in economic policy. We argue that the priority for education is determined by a country’s chosen strategy for economic growth in developing economies. If a developing economy chooses to implement a comparative advantage-defying strategy,higher education will be set as a high priority,relative to other levels of education. Elementary education is a first priority,followed by secondary education and higher education,and the development of education proceeds in an orderly way and step by step,only if a country follows its comparative advantage for economic growth.
作者
曹淑江
李倩
CAO Shujiang;LI Qian
出处
《中国人民大学教育学刊》
2018年第4期5-22,共18页
Renmin University of China Education Journal
基金
教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目"教育与经济发展关系及其贡献研究"(项目编号:15JZD040)
关键词
韩国
印度
巴西
教育发展优先次序
经济发展战略
South Korea
India
Brazil
Priority of Education Development
Development Strategy
