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置信对比检验理论 被引量:2

THEORY OF CONFIDENCE COMPARATIVE TESTS
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摘要 提出两母体特征值 (如均值、方差、变异系数、百分位值和百分率等 )置信对比检验理论 ,该理论包括强对比检验和弱对比检验两种方法 ,能够满足不同工程对比检验的需求。传统对比检验属于一种假设检验 ,依据的是“小概率原则” ,而置信对比检验则事先不作任何假设 ,依据的是“大概率原则”。所以 ,置信对比检验能够以高概率确认两母体特征值之间的大小和比例关系 ,大大提高对比检验精度 ,克服了传统对比检验当接受原假设时仅仅意味着不拒绝原假设的缺点。文中详细给出两正态母体均值、方差、变异系数、百分位值和百分率的置信对比检验方法及其步骤 ,特别是两母体百分位值和百分率的置信对比检验方法解决了长期以来工程上急需而传统方法又未能解决的难题。此外 ,还提出两正态母体变异系数比值及百分位值之差的置信限估计量 。 A theory of confidence comparative tests for two population characteristics is presented. It includes strong comparative test and weak comparative test, which can solve the problems of comparative tests in engineering. As a hypothesis test, the traditional comparative tests are based on Law of Small Probability. In contrast, the confidence comparative tests are based on Law of Large Probability. The present methods can test the relationship between two population characteristics with high probability, thus it can overcome the disadvantage that to accept a null hypothesis may simply mean that it is not rejected by the traditional comparative tests. The confidence comparative test methods for two normal population characteristics, such as the means, variances, coefficients of variation, percentiles and percentages, are given in details. Specially, the comparative tests for percentiles and percentages can be carried out by the present methods, but can't be solved by traditional comparative tests. In addition, the confidence limit estimators for the ratio of two coefficients of variation and the differences of percentiles of two normal populations are presented. The simple methods of confidence comparative tests for the characteristics are also established.
出处 《机械强度》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2003年第4期413-419,共7页 Journal of Mechanical Strength
基金 国防科技预研项目 (41 32 80 2 0 3)资助~~
关键词 对比检验 置信对比检验 强对比检验 弱对比检验 可靠性 质量控制 Comparative test Confidence comparative test Strong comparative test Weak comparative test Reliability Quality control
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