摘要
近年来,学界出现了不少关于藏族素食文化方面的研究成果,但是这些研究只提及了提倡素食的文本,却没有探讨不提倡或反对素食的文本。研究藏族素食文化的历史,应需结合正反两面的文献,才能够较客观地了解藏族素食文化的历史演变过程和思想特征。1425年,俄尔巴萨迦派创始人俄钦·贡噶桑波(1382-1456)撰写了藏族历史上著名的提倡素食思想的文本《致弟子教诲书信》。此后,格鲁派学者克珠杰(1385-1438)撰写了《三律仪建立·大宝圣教除垢》一文,并在文中大力反对素食思想。这两个文本对当时藏传佛教各教派都起到了很大的影响。虽然之前的一些研究也有提及到这两个文本,但没有做细致的剖析,并且忽略了很重要的一点,即克珠杰的这一文本很有可能是对俄钦·贡嘎桑波的回应。因此,本文通过比较和分析《致弟子教诲书信》和《三律仪建立·大宝圣教除垢》这两个文本的内容、结构、论据以及时间等线索,最后得出结论:克珠杰的文章是对俄钦·贡嘎桑波的文章作出的回应。在此基础上,进一步探析二人对素食思想产生的不同影响,并首次指出藏族素食思想的宗派性特征。
While vegetarianism never became standard norm for Tibetan Buddhists,it did become a problematic topic,figures like Ngorchen supported the idea of vegetarianism forcefully,while others like Khedrup Je argued against such idea.The polemics upon vegetarianism appeared with some frequency throughout the Tibetan history.Therefore,one of the puzzles of Tibetan Buddhist history,then,is why Tibetan Buddhists argued over vegetarianism with such enthusiasm,a debate that had wide repercussions,yet demonstrated less willingness to practice vegetarianism per se.Here,I attempt to provide some clues to answer this question by presenting the polemics on vegetarianism in Tibetan literature.By doing so,this paper will conduct an initial analysis of Ngorchen and Khedrup Je’s polemical texts on the vegetarianism.By comparing the contents,structures,argumentsand the date of their text,and finally concluding that Khedrup Je’stext was,indeed,a rejoinder of Ngorchen’s pro-vegetarian text.This paper will also investigate the different impacts that Ngorchen and Khedrup Je had on the spread of vegetarianism in Tibetan history,and pointed out the sectarian natures of Tibetan vegetarianism for the first time.
出处
《青海民族大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
2019年第2期125-132,共8页
Journal of Qinghai Minzu University：Social Sciences
