摘要
人类活动,特别是不合理的资源开发与利用方式是产生生态环境问题的根源之一,因而,生态环境建设也必须辅以一系列的社会、经济、制度措施,才能保证其顺利实施。拉萨地区正面临着草地退化、土地沙化、灌木林破坏、湿地退化等主要环境问题。产生这些问题的原因,除了自然环境本身的作用之外,人口快速增长、经济无序扩张、管理体制不完善和草地建设落后,则是造成这些生态环境问题的主要社会经济根源。本文在分析上述原因的基础上,提出了控制农村地区人口增长、完善草地管理、加快草场建设、实行农牧结合、合理规划城市建设用地等社会、经济和制度方面的措施,以保证生态环境建设的经济可行性和社会可接受性。
Lhasa Area is confronting with serious environmental problems. About 39.67×104 hm2 of grassland is degraded, accounting for about 27.85 per cent of total grasslands, and over 5.74 per cent of arable land is de-sertified. Shortage of regular energy resources such as coal, oil and gas, the shrubs were cut off severely as firewood, which resulted in serious soil erosion and land desertification. Meanwhile, with the rapid urbanization, 36.5 per cent of the Lalu wetlands at the north of Lhasa city have been occupied by new buildings and roads. The causes for these problems are complicated and interactive. In addition to the natural factors, population and economic growth, shortage of rational regulations, and backward grassland management are the main socioeco-nomic root causes. As the result of population growth, the area of arable land per capita decreased from 0.141 hm2 in 1957 to 0.107 hm2 in 1997, although the total arable land area increased 50.48 per cent in the same period. And the grassland area per sheep unit decreased 55 per cent from 1.095 hm2 in 1959 to 0.493 hm2 in 1997. The regulations carried out in the mid - 1980s only regulated the ownership of grassland and livestock, without clear regulations on the utilization right of grassland, and grassland became public goods. This resulted in the dramatically increase of livestock and severely grassland degradation. It argued that eco-reconstruction is a comprehensive and systematic project. With the biological, engineering and technical means, social, economical and institutional countermeasures should also be taken into account and implemented, to assure the socio-economic feasibility and accessibility of eco-reconstruction. These countermeasures include population control in rural area, rational grassland regulations, grassland improvement, combination of farming and grazing, energy development, scientific urban planning, environmental facilities construction etc.
出处
《山地学报》
CSCD
2003年第3期342-347,共6页
Mountain Research
基金
国家重点基础研究规划项目"青藏高原形成演化及其环境
资源效应"(G1998040800)第16课题(G1998040816)资助
关键词
拉萨
生态环境建设
社会经济措施
Lhasa
eco-construction
socioeconomic countermeasures
