摘要
目前水稻施追肥以离心圆盘式撒肥机为主,虽具有幅宽大、作业效率高的特点,但是变量控制精度差。为了满足水稻变量施肥的作业要求,设计了一种气力式变量施肥机,在满足幅宽要求的基础上,还能够实现在幅宽方向上的变量控制施肥。设计了用于该机的肥料喷撒器,对该喷撒器的肥料运动进行了理论分析,并对不同挡板结构的喷撒器进行气流流场模拟分析,对在不同转速下各排肥口的施肥量和不同挡板类型的施肥喷撒器在各自施肥范围内的施肥均匀性进行了试验。试验结果表明:转速对各排肥口的排肥量没有显著性影响,各排肥口的排肥量误差在均值的5%以内;转速和喷撒器的挡板结构类型对单一喷撒器施肥范围内的施肥均匀性具有显著性影响,以施肥均匀性变异系数为指标,排肥轮转速在30 r/min左右时,整体排肥均匀性变异系数优于其他转速;而圆锥形挡板喷撒器在所有转速下其排肥均匀性变异系数均优于其他挡板结构的喷撒器,且当排肥轮转速大于30 r/min时,该喷撒器的施肥均匀性变异系数小于8%。就挡板结构对喷撒器出口气流场的影响和施肥均匀性进行了比较研究,发现二者具有相似性,初步断定气流场对施肥均匀性具有一定影响。在实际作业过程中为了使单个排肥口的排肥均匀性更好,应当采用圆锥挡板喷撒器,并且在确定作业区域的施肥量下,尽可能调整车速,使排肥轮转速达到30 r/min以上,以最大程度保证施肥区域的施肥均匀性。
Although it is the main machine in rice fertilizer with large width and high efficiency,centrifugal disc type fertilizer spreader is still with the problem of poor uniformity of fertilizer and difficult to realize the control of variable rate fertilization in width direction. In order to adapt to the development of precise agriculture and meet the requirements of rice variable fertilization at the same time,which could make fertilizer reduced and yields for rice increased,a kind of variable pneumatic fertilizer applicator was designed. The machinery not only met the requirements of width,but also achieved the variable rate fertilization in width direction. The fertilizer spraying device which designed for the machine of fertilizer was analyzed theoretically,and a simulation analysis of air flow field was also made for the spraying device with different baffle structures. What’s more,relevant tests of fertilization uniformity were made for fertilizing amount of each row of fertilizer and fertilizer spraying device of different baffle types within their respective scope of fertilization at different rotational speeds. The results showed that revolving speed had no significant effect on fertilizing amount of each row of fertilizer,and fertilizing amount error of each row of fertilizer was within 5% of the average. However,revolving speed and baffle types of fertilizer spraying device had significant effect on fertilization uniformity within the scope of single spraying device, taking the fertilization variation coefficient as index, the whole fertilizer ejecting uniformity variation coefficient was superior to the other speed when the wheel speed was around30 r/min; on the other hand,the fertilization uniformity variation coefficient of the cone baffle spraying device was superior to the other spraying device whatever the wheel speed was,and when the wheel speed was more than 30 r/min,the fertilization uniformity variation coefficient of this spraying device was less than 8%. In addition,some comparison was made o
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第S1期164-170,180,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
贵州山地小型农机具创新研发平台建设项目(黔科合条中补地【2015】4001)
关键词
稻田
变量施肥机
气力式喷撒器
外槽轮排肥
肥料输送
rice field
variable rate fertilizer applicator
pneumatic sprayer
out-fluted of fertilizer apparatus
fertilizer transport
