摘要
综述了生物传感器的类型、基本原理、目前的研究现状及应用情况 .生物传感器是以生物分子作为敏感元件的一类新兴传感器 ,将化学信号、热信号、光信号转化成电信号或者直接产生电信号予以放大输出 ,从而得到检测结果 .生物传感器广泛应用于食品工业、环境监测、发酵工业、军事领域和临床医学等方面 .主要用于一些食品和污染物浓度的测量 ,微生物呼吸活性的测定 ,微生物培养方法的选择等 ,此外 ,还可以作为水处理设备的终端 .可以预料 ,生物传感器将向着微型化、实用化、多样化和人工智能化的方向发展 ,并且还将用于对生物功能进行人工模拟 ,研究人工感官 .生物传感器具有快速、准确、方便等优点 ,具有广阔的应用前景 ,必将在市场上开辟出一片新的天地 .
The types, principles, status and applications of biosensors are reviewed. Biosensors are a new kind of sensor that uses biological molecules as the sensoring element. Chemical, thermal and optical signals can be converted into electrical signals, or an electrical signal can be directly produced and amplified. Biosensors are widely used in food production, environmental inspection, fermentation industry, defence and clinical medicine. They are mainly used for determining the concentration of food and contamination, the respiration activity and selection of cultivation methods for microorganisms, as well as the final process in water treatment. It can be expected that future developments will aim at miniaturization, practicality, diversification and artifical intelligence. They may also be used for research on artifical sense organs. Swift, accurate and convenient to use, biosensors have broad application prospects, and a new place in the market.
出处
《物理》
CAS
北大核心
2003年第4期249-252,共4页
Physics
