摘要
生活在云南南部亚热带山区的哈尼族 ,通过对当地环境的适应和改造 ,创造和发展了著名的梯田农业景观。文章运用半结构访谈法进行的实地调查得出 :哈尼梯田景观由森林生态系统、村寨文化系统和梯田生态系统组成 ,且在垂直高度上形成林 -寨 -田的空间分布 ;森林生态系统控制了高山区的水土流失 ,并为村寨提供了水源 ,以及放牧的场所 ,同时也是哈尼族狩猎和采集野生动植物食品之处 ;梯田生态系统则为哈尼族提供了多种食物 ,并能控制水土流失 ;哈尼族则通过其对森林的利用 ,获得清洁的饮用水 ,充足的梯田灌溉水以及野生动植物食物 ;通过长期的梯田管理 ,获得较高的梯田产出并保证了其稳定性。因此 ,森林、村寨和梯田三个子系统的功能及其空间结构 。
Agro-landscape is a type of landscape on Earth. The Hani ethnic minority, lived in the subtropic mountainous region of Yunnan province, China, created and developed the terrace agro-landscape through their adaptation and reconstruction of the natural environment. Through the semi-directive interview and collaborative fields work, this article concluded that: The Hani terrace landscape is composed of forest ecosystem, village culture system and terrace ecosystem, and they are distributed in the vertical way; The forest ecosystem cut down the soil and water of upland, provided water source and serve for stock, hunting and gathering of Hani ethnic peoples;The terrace ecosystem supplied many kinds of foods to Hani peoples, and can hold soil and water too; The Hani peoples, through their utility of forest, obtained clear drink-water, wellfed irrigation water and some wild food, and through the long-term management of terrace, they ensured the high productivity of terrace and its stability. In one words, the function of three sub-ecosystems and their special structure made the Hani terrace landscape to keep stable for thousands years.
出处
《云南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
2003年第2期55-60,共6页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University:Natural Sciences Edition
基金
云南师范大学校青年基金项目 (2 0 0 0 )
