摘要
2017年7月～2018年6月,采用样线法和样点法,对克拉玛依市东部玛纳斯河下游的玛依湖区(分为上湖区、中湖区和下湖区)的鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类群落多样性及其季节变化。研究结果显示,在玛依湖区,共记录到鸟类17目39科99种;其中,有留鸟13种(占该区鸟类总物种数量的13.1%),冬候鸟7种(占7.1%),夏候鸟55种(占55.6%),旅鸟24种(占24.2%);在鸟类区系方面,有北方广布种37种(占37.4%),古北种29种(占29.3%),全北种20种(占20.2%),中亚种11种(占11.1%),东洋种2种(占2.0%);该区鸟类群落的优势种为毛腿沙鸡(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)和崖沙燕(Riparia riparia);该区有国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,国家二级重点保护鸟类18种,国家有益的或者有重要经济、科学研究价值的陆生野生动物56种,新疆维吾尔自治区一级重点保护鸟类4种,新疆维吾尔自治区二级重点保护鸟类8种;上湖区中鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数都相对最大;与夏季和冬季相比,春季和秋季鸟类群落的物种数量、个体数量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和丰富度指数都相对偏大;对鸟类食性统计发现,在玛依湖区,食肉—食虫性鸟最多,有60种,植食性鸟最少,仅有9种,还有杂食鸟30种。
From July 2017 to June 2018,the bird resources were investigated in the lower reaches of the Manas River(also known as Mayi Lake,divided into upper lake,middle lake and lower lake)in the eastern part of Karamay City using the line transect and point-count methods,and the diversity of bird communities and its seasonal dynamics were analyzed.The results showed that 17 orders,39 families and 99 species of birds were recorded,including 13 species of resident(13.1%),7 species of winter visitors(7.1%),55 species of summer visitors(55.6%),and 24 species of passage migrant(24.2%).As for the fauna,there were 37 species,29 species,20 species,11 species and 2 species belonging to widely distributed(37.4%),ancient north pattern species(29.3%),whole north pattern species(20.2%),central Asia pattern species(11.1%)and oriental realm species(2.0%).The dominant species were pallas’s sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus)and bank swallow(Riparia riparia);and there were 2 kinds of key protection birds at national first class level,18 kinds of key protection birds at national second class level,56 kinds of national territorial wildlife species with important economic or scientific value;and there were 4 kinds of protection birds at provincial first class level in Xinjiang,and 8 kinds of protection birds at provincial second class level in Xinjiang.The numbers of species and individuals,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,richness index and Pielou index of the upper lake area were the highest.The ones in spring and autumn were higher than those in summer and winter.There were 60 species were carnivorous,30 species were omnivorous,and 9 species were herbivorous in the study area.
作者
王述潮
马鸣
WANG Shuchao;MA Ming(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,P.R.China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,P.R.China)
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第2期172-178,共7页
Wetland Science
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31572292和31272291)资助
关键词
鸟类多样性
食性
玛依湖
克拉玛依
diversity of birds
feeding habit
Mayi Lake
Karamay
