摘要
于2013年3~5月和9~12月,采用样线法和样点法,对富锦市沿江湿地的水域、沼泽、草甸、防护林和农田的鸟类种类、数量、迁徙时间和多样性规律进行调查分析。研究结果表明,富锦沿江湿地常见鸟类有雁鸭类、鸻鹬类和雀形目,共记录鸟类56种,其中水鸟41种;迁徙鸟类种类和数量在4月末和10月末达到高峰,其中雁鸭类是最主要类群,记录有16种2 900多只,以绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)数量最多,占迁徙鸭类总数的40%以上;春季,鸟类迁徙期开始于3月末,雁鸭类首先抵达研究区,最早到达的是绿头鸭(3月24日)和鸿雁(Anser cygnoides)(3月27日),4月初,出现普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)和大型的鸥类,4月中旬出现鸻鹬类,5月上旬各种鸟类陆续迁离,秋季,迁徙期鸟类在9月下旬开始陆续迁来,10月末至11月初,迁徙鸟类的数量和种类都达到高峰,12月陆续迁离;在5种不同生境中,农田的鸟类群落多样性指数最大,沼泽、水域、草甸和防护林的鸟类群落多样性指数依次减小,沼泽的鸟类群落均匀性指数最大,水域、草甸、农田和防护林的鸟类群落均匀性指数依次减小。本研究进一步加深了对富锦沿江湿地鸟类组成及多样性季节变化的认识,为保护区鸟类管理及保护提供了依据。
By methods of line transect and point count samples, the investigations and analyses of the species,numbers, migration time and diversity characteristics of birds were conducted in the wetlands in Fujin City,Heilongjiang Province during March to May and September to December in 2013. Five types of habitats were investigated, including waters, marshes, meadows, forest and farmlands. The 56 species were recorded,among them, 41 species were water birds in the study. And the dominant water birds in the wetlands were geese and ducks, shorebirds, and small passerines. The species and number of migratory birds reached the peaks at the end of April and October, of which geese and ducks were the main group, with more than 2 900 individuals in 16 species. And the geese and ducks were the first group of migratory birds found in the late March in spring, and the earliest species were Anas platyrhynchos(24th March) and Anser cygnoides(27th March). In early April, cormorants and large gulls arrived, followed by shorebirds in the middle April. All of these water birds left in the early May. During the autumn, the migratory birds began to arrive at the wetlands in the late September, the numbers of birds reached the peak from the late October to the early November, and the birds gradually left in December. In the five different types of habitats, the Shannon-Weiner diversity index of bird community was the maximum in the farmlands, followed by the marshes, waters, meadows, forests; the evenness index of bird community was the maximum in the marshes, followed by the waters, meadows, farmland, forests. This research provided references for the management and protection of birds in the reserves.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第5期577-581,共5页
Wetland Science
基金
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项项目(2012ZX07201004)资助
关键词
水鸟
群落
迁徙
多样性
富锦市沿江湿地
三江平原
water birds
community
migration
diversity
wetlands along river in Fujin City
Sanjiang Plain
