摘要
云南全省石漠化土地面积占国土面积的 2 .2 %。岩溶地区石漠化土地面积占区域国土面积的4.1% ,占岩溶面积的 7.92 %。近 2 5年来石漠化土地面积增长速度约 14 7.5 km2 /a。分布特点是 :( 1)与碳酸盐岩地层的分布相一致 ,是强岩溶化地区或剧烈水土流失区 ;( 2 )岩溶区相对集中连片分布 ;( 3)与区域性新构造运动、地貌演化密切相关 ;( 4)在微地貌及景观方面有地区性特征。主要危害是 :( 1)植被及土壤同时丧失 ,土地产出率下降 ,环境容量减小 ,最后导致人类及一切生物的生存环境劣变 ;( 2 )环境对降雨的调蓄能力差 ,水资源环境恶化 ,可有效利用的水资源减少 ;( 3)旱、涝灾、水土流失、泥沙淤积等自然灾害频繁 ,直接危害人类生命及财产。防治对策是 :科学规划、合理开发和调蓄表层岩溶水资源 ;整治土地 ,改善土地利用结构 ;因地制宜培植当地名特优物种 ,发展生态农业 ;控制人口数量 ,提高人口素质 ;开展生态恢复性建设示范工程 ;组织系统的调查、实验及工程防治研究工作。
The stone desert accounts for about 2.2% total area of Yunnan Province, and the rate is 4.1% in Karst area in the Province. In recent 25 years, the stone desert area increased at a rate of 147.5 km2 per year. Its characteristics are: (1) Distributing in the region of Carbonate rock, where karst intensively develops and loss of water and soil erosion happens acutely; (2)The emergence of stone desert is related to regional neo-tectonic movements and landform evolvement; (3)There are regional difference between the field of micro-landform and the landscape. The environmental hazard of stone desert is: (1)The land lose its covering vegetation and soil. Due to decreasing in both productivity of land and the environmental capability, the living conditions of human being and all other living things have deteriorated; (2)The environment has low ability of to modulate the rainfall; (3)Natural disasters, such as drought, waterlog, water loss and soil erosion, and silt deposit, etc. happens frequently, and damages human life and property directly. The meliorative measures are: exploiting top layer water resource in Karst area reasonably, renovating land and improving land utilizing, developing ecological agriculture, adjusting measures to local conditions, cultivating local famous and excellent species specially, and controlling population.
出处
《地质灾害与环境保护》
2003年第1期32-37,共6页
Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation
关键词
石漠化
土地
分布
云南
地形
土壤
植被
Rocky desertificationin
land
distribution
characteristic
Yunnan
