摘要
首先将中国版图根据综合自然 (包括海拔、地形、气候、植被、水系、农业区等 )因素 ,利用 GIS技术手段 ,划分出 1 2 4个基本单元。同时 ,根据一定的原则选择了 1 71种哺乳类和 5 0 9种植物物种 ,利用中国物种信息系统收集这些物种的分布信息 ,并运用 GIS技术将这些信息转换为各个基本单元内这些物种存在与否的信息 ,再用数学量化分析方法 ,即Srensen相似性指数公式计算相关矩阵 ,以及 Ward方法进行聚类分析 ,得到上述 1 2 4个基本单元的哺乳类和植物分布相似性聚类图 ,从而最终得到一个新的定量化的、更具客观性和实用意义的中国生物地理区划系统 ,以及关于中国生物地理区划的许多重要结论。该区划包括 4个区域 ( 8个亚区域 )、2 7个生物地理区和 1 2 4个生物地理单元。采用从基本单元到高级区划的研究方法 ,在生物地理区划研究领域 ,这是一种方法学上的尝试 ,利用物种的分布相似性聚类结果来帮助确定区划界线 ,减少了对研究者自身所拥有的物种及生态学知识及经验的依赖 ,因而更具有客观性 ,较少掺杂研究者的主观臆断。这种方法也同样适用于其他生物门类区划的研究。
On the basis of comprehensive physical factors including altitude, landforms, climate, vegetation, hydrology, land-use, etc., the present paper divides China's territory into 124 basic units by using the GIS technique. 171 species of mammals and 509 of higher plants were selected for the study according to certain principles. Distribution information for these species were entered into the China Species Information System, and converted into geographical coordinates. Presence-absence information for mammal and plant species in each unit was used to compute species composition similarity for the 124 units. Mathematical quantitative analysis was then applied. The Sφrensen similarity index was used to calculate correlation matrices, and produce a cluster analysis result using the Ward method. The paper summarizes the differences in distribution between the two taxa and describes the reasons causing these differences. It also makes many important conclusions on the definition of boundaries of bio-geographical divisions of China. The ecological niche of mammals is much wider than that of plants, and reflects the obvious fact that plants are more sensitive to elevational changes refelecting physical geographical factors. The phenomenon is especially marked in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Province and the vast upland area to the south of the Changjiang River. In these areas, the range boundaries of the mammals differ from that of either physical geography or plants. The boundaries of the Indo-Malayan Realm for mammals and plants are markedly different. Mammal species distributions are obviously divided by large mountain ranges or rivers. Compared to plants, the distributions of mammals are more easily interrupted by human activities. The species in the Altai Mountain are more similar to those in the Northwest Region than to those in the Great Xingan Mountains area. The species in the Qaidamu Basin are more similar to those in the Qilian Mountain than to those in the Talimu Basin.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2002年第10期1599-1615,共17页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重大资助项目 ( 3989336 0 )
中国环境与发展国际合作委员会生物多样性工作组
国家留学基金资助项目 ( A1 7990 77)
关键词
中国
生物地理区划
物种信息系统
聚类分析
Bio-Geographical division
species
China species information system
cluster analysis
