摘要
从遗传多样性、系统发育和地理系统发育角度对当前保护遗传学在植物保护中的作用进行了探讨。在植物保护过程中 ,要考虑种群遗传多样性的大小 ,在就地和迁地保护的过程要减少近交和远交衰退影响 ,并可利用遗传标记为提供关于种群大小、基因流动等方面的信息。系统发育和地理系统发育的研究在于了解物种进化的历史 ,以确定物种保护单元。同时结合两个具体生态学问题 (生境片断化和外来种 )对当前植物保护遗传学的研究进行了介绍 ,揭示了保护遗传学在植物保护上重要作用和不可取代性 ,为今后研究提供参考。
The goal of conservation biology is to conserve global biodiversity. In order to accomplish this monumental task, the field of conservation biology must be multi-disciplinary; one of its essential disciplines is conservation genetics. Author consider two aspects of conservation genetics: (1) population genetic issues relating to the maintenance of genetic variability, avoiding inbreeding and outbreeding depression, and using genetic markers for conservation, and (2) systematic issues relating to the recognition of “evolutionary units” for preservation. The application of conservation genetics to ecological problems such as habitat fragmentation and alien species is also considered. One objective of plant conservation geneticists is to describe plant genetic variation and structure. Genetic diversity is essential long-term species adaptability. Populations with many alleles may be better capable of dealing with changes in their surroundings such as herbivores, diseases or climate change. Populations with high genetic diversity or unique alleles are often considered priorities for genetic conservation. For species with high genetic structure, more populations must be preserved to conserve the species genetic variation. In conservation and management, attention should also be paid to inbreeding depression (decreased fitness due to mating between related individuals), and outbreeding depression (diminished fitness due to the mixing of genes from highly differentiated and locally adapted populations). Although DNA markers do not directly confer information about population viability, they can be used to track successful pollen movement and seed dispersal patterns and to describe genetic diversity and structure. DNA markers can also be used to determine the number of individuals within populations of clonal species, and to identify individuals. Another objective of conservation genetics is to understand evolutionary processes within and among species in order to define appropriate conservation units. For this, p
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2003年第1期158-172,共15页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金重大资助项目 ( 39899370 )
广东省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 0 0 30 31 )~~
关键词
植物
保护遗传学
遗传多样性
地理系统发育
生境片断化
外来种
plant conservation genetics
genetic diversity
phylogeny
phylogeography
habitat fragmentation
alien species
