摘要
北宋京师东京开封府,是宫城、里城、外城内三重结构;实行厢坊制,该制源于唐代以坊墙相隔、封闭式为特征的坊市制,至宋代坊墙倒塌,才演变为里城、外城划分厢、坊二级基层行政管理单位,实施以厢统坊的新的城市社会治安管理体制。真宗天禧五年(1021年),开封府新、旧城里行政区被划分为八厢,由勾当左、右厢公事等分管;军巡区被划分为十二厢:左军厢共七厢(包括城东三军厢),右军厢共五厢,左、右军事厢设左、右厢巡检,由殿前司侍卫亲军马、步军四厢都指挥使分管。应该说,开封府并不存在"军队巡厢向都厢转化"的问题,而是在以厢统坊的格局下,分别采用左、右厢公事行政管理系统与禁军巡检系统两个管理系统,而禁军管军辖下都巡检,在维护京师社会治安中具有举足轻重的地位。
The Prefecture of Kaifeng in the capital city of Dongjing in the Northern Song Dynasty was a three-fold structure with the imperial palace,the inner city and the outer city.Its management took the form of Xiang-Fang system with the features of sections being separated or closed by walls which originated from the Tang Dynasty.After the walls collapsed later,the inner city and the outer city were divided into two-layer grassroots administrative units named Xiang and Fang,and thus the new urban social security management system came into being.In the 5th year(1021)of Tianxi for Emperor Zhenzong,Kaifeng Prefecture’s administrative district of the new and the old cities had altogether eight Xiangs,whose official business was further divided into left and right Xiangs.The military parade area fell into twelve Xiangs:the left with seven Xiangs(including three for eastern city),and the right with five.Both the right and left had special sections for patrol and inspection.It should be mentioned that the Prefecture of Kaifeng was free of the problem of'Xiang’s transition of military patrol to capital'.Under the pattern of Xiang in charge of Fang,the two management systems,the left and right administrative management system and Imperial Guards military inspection system were adopted respectively;and the latter played a decisive role in safeguarding the social security of the capital city.
作者
龚延明
Gong Yanming(Institute of Ancient Books&Research Center of Song Studies,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310012)
出处
《军事历史研究》
CSSCI
2018年第2期21-33,共13页
Military History Research
关键词
北宋
开封府
内外城
厢坊管理
禁军
Northern Song Dynasty
Prefecture of Kaifeng
inner and outer cities
Xiang-Fang management system
Imperial Guards
