摘要
即时配送是随现代电子商务发展起来的一种新型物流活动,它需要根据顾客随时提出的紧急货品的配送要求,在一两个小时内就必须完成货物的取送服务。面对顾客提出的即时配送订单,目前电商大都采取"一律接单"的态度。然而,在既定的物流能力约束下,一旦顾客订单超出能力所及,延迟送货的情况在所难免,进而容易导致顾客满意度降低,甚至大面积取消订单的后果。因此,在顾客下单的瞬间,基于当前物流状态和能力,实时向顾客反馈能否按时送货等信息,成为解决顾客订单与物流能力不匹配问题的有效途径。针对即时配送订单的实时响应问题建立数学模型,提出系统空闲期间事先缓存多样化的优质方案、在新订单进入时基于缓存方案快速生成应对方案的求解策略,建立基于多样化方案池的即时配送订单实时响应方法,设计该方法包含的基于适应性大邻域搜索技术的候选方案生成算法、基于方案差异度的缓存方案选择策略、基于方案池的订单实时响应算法3个关键模块。研究结果表明,所提出的实时响应方法不仅大大缩短了计算时间,满足了实时响应的要求,而且保证了解的优化质量,与使用Cplex求解小规模问题模型得到的物流成本差异不超过2%,表现出良好的求解效果。所提出的求解策略和实时响应方法为具有类似实时处理需求的一类动态问题提供了解决方法和思路,为即时配送公司提高顾客满意度、解决线下物流能力不足以支撑线上订单需求的关键问题提供了有效的途径,对于促进现代电子商务健康持续发展具有重要的现实意义。
The instant delivery is a new type of logistics activity developed with the modern electronic commerce. It needs to complete in a couple of hours the pickups and deliveries required by customers according to their requests made at any time for urgently needed products. Now,electronic commerce providers usually adopt the policy of accepting all the orders when they are faced with the requests from customers for instant deliveries. However,constrained by a given logistics capacity,delays of deliveries are inevitable once customer orders are beyond the reach of the given logistics capacity,which will further and easily lead to the decreasing of customers’ satisfaction degree and the cancellation of orders in a wide range. Therefore,at the moment that any customer places her order,giving the customer a real-time response about the information like if her order can be delivered on time based on the current logistics status and capacity is an effective way to solve the mismatching problem between the customer requirements and the given logistics capacity.As to the problem of the real-time response to an instant delivery order,a mathematical model is constructed,and a solution strategy is presented,in which various good solutions are memorized during the system idle period and a response solution to a new order can be quickly generated based on memorized solutions. A real-time response method to instant delivery orders based on a pool of various solutions is presented. Three key components of the response method are designed: the method of generating alternative solutions based on the technique of adaptive large neighborhood search;the strategy of selecting memorial solutions based on the difference degree of solutions;and the real-time response method based on a pool of various solutions.Extensive experiments show that the presented real-time response method can satisfy the requirement of real-time responses to orders by greatly reducing the computation time,and at the same time guarantee the quality of the optimized
作者
王征
李婷玉
侯鑫垚
WANG Zheng;LI Tingyu;HOU Xinyao(School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China;School of Software Technology,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116620,China)
出处
《管理科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2018年第6期92-103,共12页
Journal of Management Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(71271037
71531002
71571027)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(3132018161)~~
关键词
即时配送
实时响应
方案池
大邻域搜索
instant delivery
real-time response
a pool of solutions
large neighborhood search
