摘要
近年来高浓度细颗粒物引起的大气灰霾污染已成为制约我国城市和区域可持续发展的重大环境问题之一,科学快速地诊断PM2.5及其关键组分的来源对于缓解当前严峻的污染形势具有极为重要的科学意义和现实意义.2013年12月上旬,我国东部特大型城市上海及其所处的长三角区域出现了历史上罕见的严重污染过程,PM2.5小时浓度一度高达640μg·m-3.本文以分析12月上旬上海市所出现的三次典型重污染过程为案例,利用颗粒物来源追踪技术,对严重污染期间上海市PM2.5及其关键化学组分(硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐、有机碳和元素碳)开展了来源解析研究.结果表明,在上海市人为排放源中,工业锅炉和窑炉、移动源和电站锅炉是对细颗粒物中硝酸盐贡献最大的3类排放源;工业源和移动源是对硫酸盐贡献最大的两类排放源.在灰霾、湿霾和过境这3次污染过程中,上海本地排放对PM2.5的浓度贡献分别是35.3%、44.8%和22.7%;长距离输送分别达到了42.0%、41.1%和59.8%.在长三角模拟区域内,扬尘、工业过程、挥发类源、工业锅炉和窑炉及移动源是最主要的细颗粒贡献源,平均贡献占比分别是25.1%、14.9%、15.8%、13.7%和15.9%.研究表明,2013年12月这类极高的严重污染过程,并非单一城市所致,区域联防联控,特别是重度污染期间的联合减排对于缓解细颗粒物重度污染极为重要.
The haze pollution caused by high PM2. 5concentrations has become one of the major environmental issues restricting urban and regional sustainable development in China in recent years. Therefore,the diagnosis of the pollution sources of PM2. 5and its major components in a scientific and efficient way is of great significance both scientifically and theoretically. A rare heavy haze pollution event occurred in Shanghai and the surrounding Yangtze River Delta in early December,2013,that the hourly PM2. 5concentration reached 640 μg·m- 3. In this study,we analyzed the three typical episodes that occurred in Shanghai during this period. The particulate matter source apportionment technology( PSAT) was applied to study the source contributions to PM2. 5and its major components. Results showed that NO-3 2. 5were mostly contributed by industrial boilers and kilns,transportation and power plants.Comparatively,most of the SO2-4 2. 5came from industry and transport sectors. During the three episodes including haze,foggy haze and transport,local emissions contributed 35. 3%,44. 8%,22. 7%,while super-regional transport accounted for 42. 0%,41. 1% and59. 8% to PM2. 5,respectively. In the YRD modeling domain,fugitive dust,industrial processing,volatile source,industrial boilers and kilns and transport were the major contributors to high concentrations of PM2. 5,with the average contributions of 25. 1%,14. 9%,15. 8%,13. 7% and 15. 9%,respectively. Results showed that the very heavy haze pollution is usually not caused by a single city,the regional joint pollution control is of great importance to relieve the pollution level.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第10期3543-3553,共11页
Environmental Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC22B03)
国家自然科学基金项目(41205122)
环境保护公益性行业科研专项(201409008)
上海市科委科技攻关项目(14DZ1202905)
关键词
严重污染
PM2.5
细颗粒物来源追踪
数值模拟
上海
heavy haze
PM2.5
particulate matter source apportionment technology
numerical modeling
Shanghai
