摘要
总结了国内外常用的土壤及沉积物中重金属的方法,包括单级提取法和多级提取法。列举了最常用的单级提取剂,并就0.1 M醋酸、0.43 M醋酸、0.01 M EDTA、0.1 M氯化钙和0.1 M硝酸钠5种提取剂的金属提取量进行了对比。结合文献,分析了常用提取剂的提取效果,包括无机盐、无机酸或有机酸以及有机络合物。对Tessier法和BCR法进行比较,说明了现有顺序提取法已经能够较好地表现重金属元素在土壤和沉积物中的化学形态分布。最后就土壤和沉积物中重金属形态研究的选取方法提出了几点建议,并展望了未来土壤及沉积物中重金属形态分析方法的发展方向。
Methods for leaching heavy metals in soils and sediments frequently used were summarized,including single extractions and sequential extraction procedures.The most commonly extractants were listed in this paper.Five extractants,0.1M CH3 COOH,0.43 M CH3COOH,0.01 M EDTA,0.1M CaCl2 and 0.1M NaNO3,which were used in the literatures,and the leaching capacity of them were compared.It was clearly that the leaching capacity of 0.1M CaCl2 was better than 0.1M NaNO3 that of; the 0.43 M CH3COOH was better than 0.11 M CH3COOH with higher leaching capacity; 0.01 M EDTA and 0.43 M CH3 COOH each had its advantages.The reagents used in various schemes and the methods of separation of different species from soil matrix are discussed,with their advantages and disadvantages,including mild extractants,acids,and complexing extractants.It was showed in this article that sequential extraction procedures had the capacity of obtaining enough information about the heavy metals in the sediment,useful criteria were proposed for the selection of leaching /extraction test in certain scenarios,as:1) choose the appropriate extractant according to the metal needed to study;2)choose a certain extractant according to the content of the metal which was needed to study;3) choose the different extractants according to the different purpose which the study has,for example,the extractant,which was used to study the solid- liquid exchange coefficient of the metals,should be different with the extractant used to study the toxicity of metals.Finally,the development of the analysis of heavy metal in soils and sediments was prospected.
出处
《环境工程》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2014年第S1期840-843,870,共5页
Environmental Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金(41173113)
中国科学院"百人工程"项目共同资助
