摘要
【目的】探究有效处理畜禽粪便与秸秆废弃物的方法,建立以牛粪有机肥为原料的高效堆肥工艺.【方法】以牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料,设置C/N为15、20、25、30、35的5个处理组,研究不同碳氮比原料对好氧堆肥过程中堆温、pH、矿质态氮含量、总养分含量、种子发芽指数等指标的影响.【结果】C/N为30的处理组升温最快,且60℃以上高温维持时间最长;各处理组的铵态氮含量均随堆肥逐渐下降,硝态氮含量逐渐上升;至堆肥结束时,C/N为30的处理组铵态氮含量下降了24.26%,铵态氮损失最少;C/N_(15)～C/N_(35)各处理组总有机碳含量随堆肥的腐熟不断下降,至堆肥结束分别降解了25.93%、35.22%、43.22%、43.58%、47.88%.堆肥结束时,各处理的C/N值分别为13.4、13.4、13.2、15.0和15.3,总养分含量均有所增加,且C/N为25时增幅最大,为45.79%;种子发芽指数(GI)随C/N的增加而增高,堆肥结束时C/N为15和20的处理组基本腐熟,其余处理已完全腐熟.【结论】在实际生产中,牛粪与秸秆C/N在25～30之间有利于堆体腐熟和养分保持.
【Objective】 To explore the optimum ratio of raw material(cow manure) to auxiliary materials(maize straw) at high temperature compost to effectively deal with the manure waste from cattle farm.【Method】 Five treatments were set as research materials with C/N value of 15(T1),20(T2),25(T3),30(T4)and 35(T5) to investigate the effects of C/N values on the variations of physicochemical indices including stack temperature,pH value,and nitrate nitrogen and nutrients during the composting process.【Result】 The highest temperature was reached in the shortest time and the temperature above 60 ℃ was kept for the longest time in T4(C/N) treatment.During composting process,the ammonium nitrogen content of each treatment increased,and the nitrate nitrogen decreased with composting.At the end of composting,the ammonium nitrogen content of C/N=30 treatment decreased by 24.26%,and the loss of ammonium nitrogen was the minimum.The order of nitrate content was C/N15>C/N20>C/N25>C/N30>C/N35.Until the end of composting representing 25.93%、35.22%、43.22%、43.58%、47.88%.The C/N value gradually decreased to stable value of 13.4,13.4,13.2,15.0 and 15.3,respectively,in the treatments of T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 at the end of composting.The seed germination index increased with the increase of C/N.At the end of composting,the seed germination index of the treatments with C/N=15 and 20 was basic rotten.The germination index of the remaining treatments was completely rotten.【Conclusion】 The high-temperature composting of cow manure and maize straws effectively transforms the waste to organic fertilizer,especially when the C/N value is 25~30.
作者
张鹤
李孟婵
杨慧珍
王友玲
路永莉
张春红
邱慧珍
ZHANG He;LI Meng-chan;YANG Hui-zhen;WANG You-ling;LU Yong-li;ZHANG Chun-hong;QIU Hui-zhen(College of Resources and Environmental Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《甘肃农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第1期60-67,共8页
Journal of Gansu Agricultural University
基金
国家重点研发计划"农业面源和重金属污染农田综合防治与修复技术研发"专项"农业废弃物资源化利用机制"项目(2017YFD0800200)
白银市白银区科技局项目"生物有机肥的研制及其对保护地蔬菜的生物效应研究"(2014-5N)
关键词
牛粪
秸秆
碳氮比
好氧堆肥
堆肥腐熟度
cow manure
straw
C/N
aerobic composting
maturity of the compost
