摘要
由于食用豆种类多、地域分散、种植模式多样,与之对应的生产装备缺乏,机械化生产水平较为低下。实现食用豆机械化收获可采用分段收获和联合收获两种方式,分段收获机具包括割晒机、起拔机和脱粒机,对于食用豆联合收获,需要解决割台堵塞、脱粒清选破碎含杂高和物料输送系统带来的籽粒破碎等问题,同时要根据不同的生产方式选择相应的机械化收获模式。在有限损失的情况下,食用豆机收综合经济效益高于人工采收,机械化收获节本增效显著。要实现我国食用豆生产机械化,需从因地域特征带来的需求差异、种植规模与生产管理手段、提升品种适应性和机具可靠性等方面入手,实施科技兴农、推进食用豆类生产农机农艺融合,从食用豆机械化低损保质收获技术和食用豆高效机械化生产技术模式等方面开展深入研究,以解决相应生产装备的供给侧难题,实现产业发展的提质增效。
Mechanization production-level of the pulses crops is relatively low at present,and most of them are completed by artificial harvesting(or pod picking),threshing and cleaning,the operation intensity is large and the production cost is high.This is mainly due to the variety of pulses crops,geographical dispersion and diverse planting patterns.There are two ways to realize mechanized harvesting of pulses crops:partition harvesting and combine harvesting,and the partition harvesting machines include cutters,pullers and threshers.In order to realize the combined harvesting of pulses crops,it is necessary to solve the problems of cutting table clogging,breaking of impurity content in threshing and cleaning,and grain breaking caused by material conveying system.At the same time,the appropriate mechanized harvesting mode according to different production modes should be choose.Under the condition of limited loss,the comprehensive economic benefit of machine harvesting of pulses crops is higher than that of manual harvesting,and the cost-saving and efficiency-increasing of mechanized harvesting are remarkable.The factors restricting the development of mechanized production of pulses crops in China include regional differences,irregular planting scale and production management,adaptability of varieties and reliability of machines and tools.In order to realize the mechanization of pulses crops production,it is necessary to promote the fusion of agricultural machinery and agronomy,and deep research on mechanized low-loss and quality-guaranteed harvesting technology and high-efficiency mechanized production technology model of pulses crops should also be carried out.
作者
夏先飞
陈巧敏
肖宏儒
杨光
宋志禹
梅松
Xia Xianfei;Chen Qiaomin;Xiao Hongru;Yang Guang;Song Zhiyu;Mei Song(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)
出处
《中国农机化学报》
北大核心
2019年第5期22-28,共7页
Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization
基金
国家食用豆产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-08)
中国农业科学院创新工程—果蔬茶类收获机械创新团队资金项目
关键词
食用豆
机械化
分段收获
联合收获
技术现状
pulses crops
mechanization
partition harvesting
combine harvesting
technology status
