摘要
约翰·杰克逊的WTO宪法思想,有助于分析WTO面临的多重宪法问题。杰克逊以比较法探讨WTO成员的宪法体制和WTO法之间的关系,提出WTO义务设立了遵守WTO裁决的国际法义务,捍卫了WTO法的效力。就多边贸易体制的制度和机构设计而言,杰克逊提出规则导向模式,为多边贸易体制中权力政治和法律控制之间关系的演变提供了指南。杰克逊提出的是一种以WTO的制度为宪法,针对WTO成员和WTO贸易规制权的构成和限制的原理,功能性的权力分配分析是其用于分析WTO宪法的重要方法。在杰克逊学术生涯的后期,与早中期主要以WTO成员的宪法视角以及一些国际关系、经济学方法相比,更侧重于运用国际公法原理以及国际法宪政的新近发展,钵依了WTO宪政的本意。美国以阻挠上诉机构成员甄选补缺的方式,要挟其他WTO成员对美国的'体制性关切'给予特殊考虑。然而,美国的这一做法并无理据,也和多边贸易体制的历史发展背道而驰。在'贸易共同体导向'的利益观缺失的情况下,WTO的制度和宪法发展仍然任重道远。
It’s meaningful to address the multiple constitutional issues of WTO under John H.Jackson’s constitutional thought on WTO.Jackson explored the relationship between the WTO member’s constitutional system and the WTO law by adopting a comparative approach,and insisted that the compliance of rulings of WTO Dispute Settlement Body shall be an obligation under international public law.With respect to the institutional design,Jackson put forward the paradigm of rule orientation,which provides the Multilateral Trading System with the valuable guidance for the evolution of the relationship between realpolitik and legal control.Jackson’s constitutional thought focused on the constitutive and restrictive operation of WTO’s and WTO member’s trade regulatory powers,which based on the constitutional cognition to the institution of WTO.In the later period of Jackson’s academic career,compared with the exercise of some methods and ways from international politics and international economic discipline and the perspective of WTO member’s constitution,Jackson paid more attention to the application of the principles of international public law and the recent development of the constitutionalism in international law.It has been the original intention of the WTO’s constitutionalization and constitutionalism.Currently as regards the launching of the selection process to appoint Appellate Body members,the United States has refused to reach the consensus so as to force other WTO members to consider and meet its systemic concerns.However,the United States’action and its ways are unjustifiable and run counter the historical development of the Multilateral Trading System.In the absence of the belief on trading-community-oriented interests,the institution and constitution of WTO still have a long way to go.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
CSSCI
2018年第2期34-47,共14页
Journal of International Economic Law
关键词
WTO
约翰·杰克逊
宪法思想
宪法问题
WTO
John H.Jackson
Constitutional Thought
Constitutional Issues
