摘要
皮肤黑色素瘤的恶性程度高、生存率低,以手术切除为主的传统治疗方法有一定复发率。光动力疗法通过光激活光敏剂产生细胞毒性活性氧,从而杀伤肿瘤细胞,是一种非常有前景的治疗方法。但传统光敏剂的渗透性低、靶向作用差、光动力效果不足,严重限制了光动力疗法在皮肤黑色素瘤治疗中的临床应用。如何通过改进光敏剂,增强光动力治疗皮肤黑色素瘤的效果和安全性,是目前亟须解决的瓶颈问题。本综述聚焦于纳米光动力技术治疗皮肤黑色素瘤的研究进展,从纳米颗粒的类型、新型纳米光敏剂的种类、光敏剂的释放机制、纳米光动力技术治疗皮肤黑色素瘤的优势和局限性等方面进行了全面总结。纳米颗粒可以增强光敏剂的靶向能力、增加肿瘤中的蓄积、改善肿瘤缺氧环境,还可以协同荧光成像、免疫/基因治疗、化疗、光热等,提高光动力治疗恶性黑色素瘤的效果和安全性。纳米光动力疗法的局限性包括纳米颗粒的制作成本高、可重复性低、长期的体内安全性未经证实。尽管如此,纳米光动力疗法仍可以克服传统光动力疗法的瓶颈问题,为皮肤黑色素瘤的治疗提供新思路。
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly malignant skin cancer with low survival rate.Traditional treatment such as surgery is associated with certain recurrence rate.Photodynamic therapy produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species by photoactivating photosensitizers to kill tumor cells,which is a promising treatment for cutaneous melanoma.However,limitations of conventional photosensitizer,including low permeability,unspecific targeting,and inadequate therapeutic effect,significantly restrict the clinical application of photodynamic therapy in treating cutaneous melanoma.It is crucial to improve the effectiveness and safety of photodynamic therapy through modification of the photosensitizer.This review focuses on the research advances in nanophotodynamic therapy for cutaneous melanoma,including the types of nanoparticles and nano-photosensitizers,the release mechanism of photosensitizer,and the benefits and limitations of nanophotodynamic therapy.Nanoparticles can enhance the targeting capacity of photosensitizer,increase the intratumoral accumulation of photosensitizer,and improve the hypoxic microenvironment.In addition,multifunctional nanoparticles can synergize photodynamic therapy with fluorescence imaging,immunotherapy/gene therapy,chemotherapy,and photothermal therapy to achieve better treatment effectiveness and safety.Although nanophotodynamic therapy has high manufacturing cost,low reproducibility,and unconfirmed long-term in-vivo safety,it overcomes the limitations of traditional photodynamic therapy and offers a novel method for treatment of cutaneous melanoma.
作者
梁纯
路亚静
殷祥烨
何添
陈东升
张广良
杨怡
李文亮
邱海霞
陈犹白
LIANG Chun;LU Yajing;YIN Xiangye;HE Tian;CHEN Dongsheng;ZHANG Guangliang;YANG Yi;LI Wenliang;QIU Haixia;CHEN Youbai(Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,the First Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China;Department of Laser Medicine,the First Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;Department of Dermatology,the First Medical Center,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China;School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering,Changchun University of Science and Technology,Changchun 130022,Jilin Province,China)
出处
《解放军医学院学报》
CAS
2024年第10期1096-1102,共7页
Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School
关键词
黑色素瘤
光动力疗法
光敏剂
纳米技术
纳米颗粒
melanoma
photodynamic therapy
photosensitizer
nanotechnology
nanoparticles
