摘要
随着核技术的发展及核安全形势的变化,国际原子能机构发布更新的《核与辐射应急医学响应通用程序》(2024版)为各国应对此类紧急情况提供指导。2024版导则针对日益增长的恶意使用放射性物质的紧急情况做出了更详细的分类和应对措施,在考虑传统核设施事故的基础上对新的核技术应用做出一定思考和准备,在应急响应组织架构和资源配置方面更加注重灵活性和适应性。此外,2024版还充分吸收近年来应急响应技术和通讯技术的进步,对应急响应中的辐射监测、去污、通讯、剂量估算等方面进行优化和完善,并且充分吸收前苏联切尔诺贝利事故、日本福岛事故等的教训,针对公众心理支持和信息沟通共享中的问题做出了改进和完善。本文全面比较2024版导则与2005版在内容上的异同,突出新版导则做出的改进,旨在为国内相关指南的修订以及核与辐射应急工作的开展提供一定的参考借鉴。
With the development of nuclear technology and changes in nuclear safety situation,IAEA has issued an updated Generic Procedures for Medical Response During a Nuclear or Radiological Emergency(2024)to provide guidance to States on how to respond to such emergencies.The Generic Procedures(2024)made more detailed classification and response measures for the evolving emergency situation of malicious use of radioactive materials.The Generic Procedures(2024)also made certain thinking and preparation for new nuclear technologies on the basis of traditional nuclear facility accidents,and paid more attention to flexibility and adaptability in the organizational structure and resource allocation of emergency response.In addition,the 2024 version also fully absorbed the progress of emergency response technology and communication technology in recent years,optimized and improved the aspects of radiation monitoring,decontamination,communication,and dose estimation in emergency response.The Generic Procedures(2024)also took the lessons of Chernobyl accident and Fukushima accident into account to improve public psychological support and information communication and sharing.This paper comprehensively compares the similarities and differences between the 2024 version and the 2005 version,and highlights the improvements made by the new version,aiming to provide some reference for the revision of relevant guidelines and the development of nuclear or radiological emergency work.
作者
朴海宁
王雪淇
孟俊池
刘玉龙
PIAO Haining;WANG Xueqi;MENG Junchi;LIU Yuong(School of Medicine,Soochow University,Jiangsu Suzhou 215123;Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Oncology,The Second Hospital Affilated to Soochow University,Jiangsu Suzhou 215004)
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期653-659,共7页
Radiation Protection
基金
国家社会科学基金项目“我国核应急管理政策优化及快速响应机制研究”(21BGL300)。
关键词
核与辐射紧急情况
医疗响应
心理支持
剂量估算
长期随访
nuclear or radiological emergency
medical response
mental and psychological support
dose assessment
long term medical follow-up
