摘要
将超声波与微反应器结合能解决常规微反应器易被固体颗粒堵塞、操作弹性欠佳、放大困难等问题,使超声微反应器(USMR)成为新一代微反应器技术,广泛应用于涉及固体堵塞和混合传质受限的反应过程,特别是纳米材料的合成。虽然目前有不少关于USMR的研究报道,但大多局限于实验室用的小型反应器,鲜有关于USMR放大的研究。系统地介绍了USMR系统的结构组成以及各组成部件之间的谐振匹配和放大策略。一般来说,USMR系统包括超声波电源、超声波换能器、微通道反应器、通道中的流体四部分,超声波能量由电源产生并经换能器、微通道传输到流体中。要保证该系统较高的能量传输效率,需要这四个部分对应的谐振频率保持一致、阻抗实现匹配。将USMR系统的放大分成超声波电源放大、反应器辐射面放大、微通道尺寸放大三个方面,系统阐述每个方面放大遇到的核心关键问题和解决思路。最后重点介绍了USMR在纳米材料合成领域的应用,并根据合成过程的机理将其分为反应成核生长控制、分子自组装控制、乳液及界面限域控制三种纳米材料合成类型。综合结果表明,USMR在控制纳米材料尺寸形貌均一性方面展现了巨大的优势。
The combination of ultrasonics and microreactor can solve the problems of conventional microreactors that can frequently be blocked by solid particles,poor operational elasticity,and difficult scale-up so that ultrasonic microreactor is expected to become a new generation of microreactor technology,which will be widely used in reaction processes,involving solid blockage and limited mass transfer of mixing,especially the synthesis of nanomaterials.Although there are many research reports on ultrasonic microreactors,most of them are limited to small reactors for laboratory use,and there are few studies on the amplification of ultrasonic microreactors.This review systematically introduces the structural composition of the ultrasonic microreactor system and the resonance matching and scale-up strategies between the components.Generally,the ultrasonic microreactor system consists of four parts:ultrasonic power supply,ultrasonic transducer,microchannel reactor,and fluid in the channel.The ultrasonic energy is generated by the power supply and transmitted to the fluid through the transducer and microchannel.To ensure the high energy transfer efficiency of the system,the resonant frequency corresponding to these four parts needs to be consistent and the impedance should be matched.The scale-up of the ultrasonic microreactor is divided into three aspects:ultrasonic power amplification,reactor radiation surface enlargement,and microchannel size expansion,and the core problems and solutions encountered in the magnification of each part are systematically expounded.Finally,the applications of ultrasonic microreactors in the field of nanomaterial synthesis are introduced in detail,and according to the mechanism of the synthesis process,it is divided into three types of nanomaterial synthesis:reaction nucleation growth control,molecular self-assembly control,emulsion and interface confinement control.
作者
董正亚
朱晓晶
贾竞夫
张杰
郑卓韬
刘晓霖
武志林
DONG Zhengya;ZHU Xiaojing;JIA Jingfu;ZHANG Jie;ZHENG Zhuotao;LIU Xiaolin;WU Zhilin(Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering,Shantou 515021,Guangdong,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shantou University,Shantou 515063,Guangdong,China;Moge Microfluidics Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shantou 515021,Guangdong,China)
出处
《化工学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第11期4095-4119,共25页
CIESC Journal
基金
广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515110111)
汕头市科技局项目(STKJTR2023002)
化学与精细化工广东省实验室启动项目(2322004,2111016,2221001)
汕头大学启动项目(NTF23033)。
关键词
超声微反应器
微化工
超声波化学
过程放大
流动化学
ultrasonic microreactor
micro-chemical
ultrasonic chemistry
process scale-up
flow chemistry
