摘要
为了研究荔枝振动分离特性,以此为基础优化振动器结构,利用往复振动采收装置在不同振动参数下对荔枝进行振动分离试验,并采用MatLab软件分析高速相机拍摄的荔枝运动视频,获得荔枝运动参数(轨迹、速度、加速度等)。为了确定振动机构的最优工作参数,利用Design-Expert软件处理试验数据并得到回归模型,再通过响应曲面分析振动频率、振幅和振动距离对荔枝分离特性(分离时间、碰撞次数和惯性力)的影响,对回归模型进行优化,结果表明:当振动频率为9.7 Hz、振幅为80 mm、振动距离为29.4 mm时,既能保证较短的分离时间又能减轻荔枝果实所受的机械损伤。为了基于最优工作参数对振动器进行结构优化,以采收效率高和损伤小为目标,以尺寸约束、角度约束和强度约束为约束条件,建立多目标优化模型。优化后的振动器为对心曲柄滑块机构,曲柄长度为56 mm,连杆为127 mm,角速度为62 rad/s。经验证,优化后的振动器可以提高采收效率,减少果实所受损伤,为荔枝振动采收器的设计提供依据。
In order to optimize the vibrator structure based on the vibrational detachment characteristics of litchi fruit,the litchi vibrational detachment tests were carried out under different vibration distances,frequencies and amplitudes using a reciprocating vibration harvesting device.The MATLAB was used to process the litchi motion videos recorded by a high-speed camera to obtain litchi movement parameters(trajectory,speed,acceleration,etc).In order to determine the optimal working parameters of the vibration mechanism,the test data was processed by Design-Expert to obtain the regression model,and the effect of vibration frequency,amplitude and vibration distance on the detachment characteristics of litchi(separation time,number of collisions and inertial force)was analyzed through the response surface of influence.The results from the optimized regression model showed that a short detachment time and a low mechanical damage of the fruit could be achieved when the vibration frequency,the amplitude and the vibration distance were respectively of 9.7 Hz,80 mm and 29.4 mm.In order to optimize the structure of the vibrator based on the optimal working parameters,a multi-objective optimization model was established taking high harvesting efficiency and small harvesting damage as objectives,and size constraints,angle constraints and strength constraints as constrained conditions.The results showed that the optimized vibrator is a centric slider crank mechanism.Its shaker crank length,connecting rod and angular velocity were respectively 56 mm,127 mm,and 62 rad/s.The optimized vibrator can improve the harvesting efficiency and reduce the fruit damage,which lays a good foundation for the design of litchi vibrational harvesters.
作者
赵紫艳
王慰祖
王艳飞
李君
冼昊岚
Zhao Ziyan;Wang Weizu;Wang Yanfei;Li Jun;Xian Haolan(College of Engineering,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《农机化研究》
北大核心
2025年第4期9-17,共9页
Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research
基金
国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-32-13)。
关键词
荔枝
振动采收
图像处理
分离特性
结构优化
litchi
vibrational harvesting
image processing
detachment characteristics
structure optimization
